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How is Man Made Right With God? If you look at any human relationship – any meaningful one at that – you will find injustice from either party. It is inescapable, humanity defaults toward relational injustice, not towards relational justice. We inflict harm to those we love, and those who love us. Humanity has a strange propensity to cause brokenness in relationships. We do this not just in our horizontal relationships, but in our vertical relationship with God.  How is man made right with God? Heading 5 How is Man Made Right With God? Mitchell Leach October 15, 2024 If you look at any human relationship – any meaningful one at that – you will find injustice from either party. It is inescapable, humanity defaults toward relational injustice, not towards relational justice. We inflict harm to those we love, and those who love us. Humanity has a strange propensity to cause brokenness in relationships. We do this not just in our horizontal relationships, but in our vertical relationship with God. How is man made right with God? This is the question, the most important question anyone can ask. Therefore, the answer we come to must be correct. The question that all of humanity has asked, since time began. Life eternal hangs on our answer to this question. One may argue that this is the question scripture answers; in the Old Testament and New Testament, from Genesis to Revelation, we find the redemption plan for humanity. Paul lays this out succinctly in Romans 3:21-26. In this text we will find; the need for saving, the means by which we are saved, the responsibility of humans for salvation, and what happened in order for us to be counted as righteous. Over the years this passage has garnered some attention from notable scholars. John Piper calls this section of scripture the most important paragraph in the bible. Dr. Martin Lloyd-Jones also says these are the most important verses in the bible. The doctrine that this passage uncovers – that of justification – Martin Luther says, is “appointed for the rise and fall of the church.” That means where the church gets off to call itself ordained by God is whether or not it believes and holds true to the central idea in this famous paragraph. Martin also says this is, “the chief point of, and the very central place of the Epistle, and of the whole Bible.” What Paul writes to the church in Rome – here in the next five verses – shapes what Christianity is. These verses have changed the history of the world. They have caused, wars, how cultures act, and changed morality. But most importantly, they have saved thousands of souls who would have been lost. What Paul writes in the next five verses may very well be some of the most important words you will ever read, ever teach your children, your congregation, and/or your family. It is crucial that we understand them well. 21 But now the righteousness of God has been manifested apart from the law, although the Law and the Prophets bear witness to it— Paul uses the language of “But now.” This is a clear contrast to what he was describing in previous verses. Paul just finished explaining how all humanity – under the law – will find guilt with God. Paul is moving from one era – under the law – to a new era; by grace, through faith, in Christ. As we make this shift from the old era to the new, we make a shift from the wrath of God to the righteousness of God. Paul’s point is to try to show the church in Rome - and to a further extent all who would ever read this letter – that anyone who is made right with God is made right apart from keeping the law. The law has done a bad job at justifying the Jews in the Old Testament. Here again, we see the beauty of the Gospel. We cannot make ourselves right by earning salvation through works, but wholly by God’s grace alone. This does not mean that God’s law is void or insufficient. We (who are in Christ) still must acknowledge the law and desire to keep its commandments, both in the Old Testament and the New Testament. Even though it was not through the Law and Prophets, the whole Old Testament foreshadows the coming Savior and the way to become right with God. 22 the righteousness of God through faith in Jesus Christ for all who believe. Paul repeats the words the righteousness of God, to add clarity to the statement in verse 21. This is great for us who are a considerable distance from the New Testament writer. This gives us no room to question the subject of this verse. Christianity is left richer because Paul mentioned this clarifying phrase here. Paul mentions the response of man to the justifying action that God does for us by mentioning faith in Jesus Christ for all who believe. I believe that Paul does this to highlight the importance and availability of the universal nature of salvation. For there is no distinction: 23 for all have sinned and fall short of the glory of God, Paul gives us a beautiful piece of theology here in 22b-23. We see here that just as all who are equally separated from God because of sin – those who are in Christ – are equally declared righteous in His sight. Sin and grace are the great equalizers in this world. 24 and are justified by his grace as a gift, through the redemption that is in Christ Jesus, When we blend the point of verse 23 and the new ideas about justification in verse 24 we see that the gracious nature of our justification shows the unworthiness of the recipient. The word justified – in the Greek – makes its first sighting in this verse. What we see in this verse is that even though all are guilty, all charges are dropped. This is the legal reality of our salvation. The doctrine of justification is central to this passage. Unfortunately, this work cannot give any worthwhile explanation of this doctrine. Although, I cannot do this topic “justice,” I will try to give a brief summery here. Justification encompasses together forensically – legal affirmation of the righteousness of the believer – together with the imputation of the righteousness of Christ as the center of their acceptance. The present tense of the word are, shows us that the legal verdict for the believer is not an eschatological one, but rather one that is made in the moment of belief. The idea that this is by His grace, means that this is not something we could earn or even accept. God did this before we could ever recognize Him, thus emphasizing the reformed doctrine of unconditional election. God acted first to give us this gift. This is a gift, and the very nature of a gift is that it is not earned. To earn a gift transforms it into a payment owed for work done. The beauty in this is that we could do nothing to earn our salvation, but God who loved us, died while we were still in rebellion to Him. This only glorifies Him more and should make our hearts respond with worship for the One who died to take our place. The Roman idea of redemption is an economical transaction. It means a liberation of a slave through a payment of a price. Typically, how this would work is, an affluent person would pay the price that a slave owed in debt, or was worth. Upon payment, the slave would be declared a free man, or woman. We understand that we once were a slave to sin and that we needed to be redeemed – set free – from that very sin. We then see that Jesus Christ is the only one who could provide such a payment for our freedom. On the one hand, the price that was paid (God Himself dying), far exceeded the worth of the object purchased (all who believe). While on the other hand, the price for sin and death required such a high price. In Western culture, we have a tendency to downplay sin, but in doing so, we downplay the price that had to be paid for sin and death to be defeated. Never more rang true the words of the songwriter, Matt Boswel, “Our sins, they are many, His mercy is more.” 25 whom God put forward as a propitiation by his blood, to be received by faith. This was to show God’s righteousness, because in his divine forbearance he had passed over former sins God put forth Himself as a propitiation to propitiate Himself. The word propitiation carries the ancient idea of appeasement to a god. What we can understand is that Jesus propitiates the wrath of God the Father, the propitiated. God’s wrath has been tragically, downplayed, or played too highly. With that in mind, I would like to give – in my opinion – a neutral and more orthodox view of God’s wrath. The wrath of God is a reaction to the very opposite of God’s character. God, because of the holiness that is an essential part of His character, then must be put to fury or wrath in the sight of anything unholy. This comes from the Hebrew word in the Old Testament, ʾaph, occurring about 210 times. It is the word for “nose” or “face.” As weird as that is, the concept goes back to an idea of snorting, or wheezing as a sign of anger or disgust. We should note that because one character within the Trinity, is appeasing the other, does not mean that they are acting against each other, or undermining each other’s will. They did this in unity, as planned before the foundation of the world. The word blood harkens back to the Jewish festival of the Day of Atonement. Blood was seen as the life of an animal or a human. Therefore, this means, the very death – antithesis to life – of Jesus appeased the just wrath of God the Father. Paul uses further Old Testament language when he refers to how God he had passed over former sins. This would have been understood by the original audience in Rome. The church in Rome was comprised of both Jewish and Gentile Christians. The Jewish portion was probably there because of the persecution of Christians in Jerusalem, after Pentecost. These Jews would have clearly picked up the salvific overtones from the Passover, in reference to Israel’s physical salvation from slavery. 26 It was to show his righteousness at the present time, so that he might be just and the justifier of the one who has faith in Jesus In this verse, Paul continues off of the idea in vs 25 of him passing over former sins. In this verse we see the why, or the intended action. God passed over former sins so that he could give - to those who believe – His righteousness. Paul then says so that, to show the reason why God did this action. God must be legally just, yet He desired to bring us back to Himself. In being the justifier of us, He maintained his legal righteousness. Succinctly, Paul is explaining to the church in Rome how they are all separated from God – by nature and by choice. But man is made right with God, when Jesus propitiated God’s righteous wrath as a gift of grace to those who have faith in Him. Barrett, Matthew. The Doctrine on Which the Church Stands or Falls: Justification in Biblical, Theological, Historical, and Pastoral Perspective. 1st ed. (Wheaton, IL: Crossway, 2019) 223. Boswel, Matt. His Mercy is More, Church Songs. (Nashville, Getty Music, 2016) Chorus Easton, M. G. Easton’s Bible Dictionary. (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1893) In Logos Bible Software. Hodge, Charles. Commentary on the Epistle to the Romans. Grand Rapids, MI: William B. Eerdmans Pub. Co., 1953. MacArthur, John. Romans 1-8. (Chicago: Moody Press, 1991) 204, 207. Martin Luther, Luther Bible, Margin at Rom. 3:22ff., quoted in Moo, Epistle to the Romans, 1st ed., 2218n1 Millikin, J. A. Wrath, Wrath of God. In C. Brand, C. Draper, A. England, S. Bond, E. R. Clendenen, & T. C. Butler (Eds.), Holman Illustrated Bible Dictionary. (Nashville, TN: Holman Bible Publishers, 2003) p. 1688 In Logos Bible Software Moo, Douglas J. The Epistle to the Romans. Edited by Ned B. Stonehouse, F.F. Bruce, and Gordon D. Fee. 1st ed. Vol. 1. (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 2015) 221, 224, 227. Piper, John. “PDI Celebration East Conference.” PDI Celebration East Conference. May 31, 1999. Sproul, R. C. The Gospel of God: Expositions of Pauls Letter to the Romans. (Fearn: Christian Focus, 1999) 75. The Holy Bible: English Standard Version. (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2016) Romans 3:21-26, John 8:34–36, John 15:10, White, J. Justification. In C. Brand, C. Draper, A. England, S. Bond, E. R. Clendenen, & T. C. Butler (Eds.), Holman Illustrated Bible Dictionary (Nashville, TN: Holman Bible Publishers, 2003) p. 970 God cannot simply blink at sin and allow it to disappear magically. There is always a cost involved. The Bible is clear about the reality that we are sinful people (Genesis 3:6–7; Isaiah 59:1–2; Psalm 51:4). And the Bible states that there must be a penalty paid to make what was wrong, right again. God is just (Gen 18:25; Deut 32:4). Isaiah 5:16 says, “But the LORD of hosts is exalted in justice, and the Holy God shows himself holy in righteousness.” Is God Able To Forgive Sin Without The Cross? Read Learn More About What We Believe Prosper Christian Reformed Church holds that the Bible is the inerrant, divinely inspired Word of God and the highest authority for faith and life. We believe in the centrality of the gospel: that all people are sinners in need of salvation, which comes through Jesus Christ’s atoning death and resurrection, by grace alone through faith alone. We practices infant baptism as a sign of covenant inclusion and uphold traditional biblical teachings on marriage, gender roles, and sexuality. We affirm Reformed theology, including the five points of Calvinism, and embrace an amillennial view of Christ’s reign and the end times. What We Believe

More Concerned for the Plant Prosper Christian Reformed Church More Concerned for the Plant Jonah Mitchell Leach Sunday, November 23, 2025 Audio More Concerned for the Plant Mitchell Leach 00:00 / 43:26 Sermon Transcript Today's reading will come from Jonah 4:1 11. So please join me as we read the word of the Lord. But it displeased Jonah exceedingly, and he was angry. And he prayed to the Lord and said, oh, Lord, is it not that I. Isn't it not what I. Is it not this what I said when I was yet in my country? That is why I made haste to flee to Tarshish. For I know that you are a gracious God and merciful, slow to anger and abounding in steadfast love and relenting from disaster. Therefore now, O Lord, please take my life from me, for it is better for me to live than to die. And then the Lord said, do you do well to be angry? When Jonah went out of the city and sat to the east of the city and made a booth for himself there he sat under the shade till he should see what would become of the city. Now the Lord God appointed a plant, made it come over Jonah that it might be shade over his head to save him from his discomfort. So Jonah was exceedingly glad because of the plant. But when dawn came the next day, God appointed a worm that attacked the plant, so it withered. When the sun arose. God appointed a scorching east wind. And the sun beat down on the head of Jonah so that he was faint. And he asked that he might die and said, it is better for me to die than to live. But God said to Jonah, do you do well to be angry for the plant? And he said, yes, I do well to be angry. Angry enough to die. And the Lord said, you pity the plant for which you did not labor, nor did you make it grow, which came into being in a night and perished in the night. And should not I pity Nineveh, the great city in which there are more than 120,000 persons who do not know their right hand from their left, and also much cattle. This is the word of the Lord. Introduction In 1914, a crew led by Ernest Shackleton set out to explore Antarctica. They were going to be the first group of people to cross the continent. His crew of 27 people and him boarded the ship called the Enterprise. This was a vessel specifically built for Antarctic navigation, trying to cut through the ice. And yet, because it was 1914 and the ship was made of wood before they hit the mainland, the ship stopped in the ice. It was seized completely. They tried for months trying to get this ship to budge free from the ice. And they lived on the ice for months as this huge ice drift, this huge sheet of ice drifted in the Antarctic Bay. This was an incredibly dangerous situation for them. This sheet of ice, because it was freezing and unfreezing, trying to budge them free, ended up. The pressure from the ice ended up smashing the hull of the boat, rendering it completely useless for them to get back home. They had no way back home. They had no radio, and no one was coming to save them. Imagine the feeling that would come over you, being in a place like that. They camped on ice floats and survived on penguin and seal meat, and they barely made it out alive. They made a daring escape on a makeshift life raft, and they made it to South America. At many points, if you read the account of them escaping and trying to survive, there were many points in this emergency that they should have all died. But incredibly, every single person made it out alive. And yet, by all accounts, this mission was a failure. They never made it on the continent. And yet, when anyone looks at this experience, no one thinks about it as a failure. Everyone survived. There's a tension in Jonah. Chapter 4. He had a plan. He had expectations. He wanted Nineveh to be judged, not forgiven. And then God relented. Jonah was furious. His expectations had been crushed like that of Shackleton's. He stood at the wreckage of his own plans. But unlike Shackleton, Jonah did not adapt. He got angry. He went outside the city. He sulked. He even said, it would be better for me to die than to live. Shackleton lost the mission that he dreamed of, but saved the lives that were entrusted to him. Jonah, on the other hand, got the mission that he dreamed of, but hated the heart of God, the outcome that God desired. Shackleton adjusted his plan to save life, and Jonah refused to adjust his heart to God's mercy. That's the tension in Jonah. Chapter 4. What happens when God's. When God ruins our plans. When God's grace ruins our plans. Big Question And that leads us to our big question. What happens when you don't get the outcome you planned for? What happens when you don't get the outcome you planned for? What happens when you get passed up for the promotion that you rightfully deserved? What happens when you lose your best employee, the one that had brought in so much business to you or had just been so loyal? What happens when you don't get the same class with your best friend? What happens when you miss that monster buck that you've been chasing all summer long? What happens when you don't get into the right college, or you lose a loved one? Or the person you thought you were going to marry ends up saying no to you. What happens when the tests come, come back with results that you were sure God was going to prevent? What happens when your spouse confesses the big secret to you? A secret that they had been hiding, or confesses that they had been having an affair? What happens when we hear heartbreaking, soul crushing news like that? When the earth seems to shatter, when the earth seems to stop spinning? And as Christians, there's even more tension, there's even more unrest in our soul because we know God is in control, that he is sovereign over everything, that he holds the world in his hand. And as Christians, we can sit there and think, God, why would you allow this to happen? We can feel the conflict in our own hearts. Here's what Jonah 4 shows us. That God's mercy is greater than our preferences. But when that mercy offends us, how will we respond? What will happen when you don't? Or what happens when we don't get the outcome we planned for? Fortunately, the Bible has answers for us. So keep your Bibles open to Jonah, Chapter four. As we see this outline or these movements in this chapter, we'll see when God's. Outline When God is too gracious for us When God's mercy corrects our misery. For the context of this passage, we've been looking at Jonah and this is our last, our last, our last chapter, our last sermon on this, on this, in this series. So if this is your first time here, you picked the very right time to come because you're going to get the entire series right here. In one nutshell, you guys were the smart people while everyone else had to spend five weeks listening to me. You guys got, you guys got one. So no, the context of this. In Jonah chapter one, Jonah runs and flees from the presence of God, hearing the word that he wants Jonah to go to Nineveh to preach repentance to them, Jonah flees to the end of the world. God appoints a fish. As Jonah is thrown overboard towards his near certain death, God saves him by the fish inside the fish. God, or God hears Jonah's pleas, his prayer, and he rescues him. He saves him. And last week in Jonah chapter three, we see Jonah finally goes to Nineveh and preaches repentance, does what God wanted him to do. Nineveh repented and God relented from the disaster that was for them. And in this chapter, God will reveal his heart to Jonah as Jonah revolts against it. So let's look at this first point, this first movement in this passage, When God is too gracious for us Verses 1 through 5, God gave Jonah a mission, a mission to preach repentance to Nineveh. He goes and does it, and guess what? It happens. They repent. God had used Jonah to preach repentance to bring an evil nation back from their sin. And that's what's so jarring about verse one. Look at verse one with me in chapter four. But it displeased Jonah exceedingly, right? Chapter three, verse ten. God relents from disaster. It seems like everything's going good, but Jonah is unhappy. Jonah is exceedingly angry with God. This is written in a way to make the reader, to make us when we read this, go, how could this be? How could a prophet of God be upset with God saving people? This is a prophet's dream. Isaiah, when he gets the prophecy from God, when he gets a mission, his calling is to go and preach to. To Israel, who will never hear, who will never change. And Isaiah hears this and goes, how long are. How long am I supposed to do this? He says, until one stone is not stacked on another, until the end of time. Jonah gets a prophecy, he gets a word to preach repentance, and it happens. And Jonah is angry. And that leads Jonah to pray to God. He says in verse two and three, he says, or it says, and he prayed to the Lord. And he said, oh, Lord, is this not what I said when I was yet in my country? That is why I made haste to flee to Tarshish, for I knew that you are a gracious God and merciful, slow to anger and abounding in steadfast love and relenting from disaster. Jonah prays to God. He says, this is exactly why I wanted to run to the end of the world. This is exactly why I wanted nothing to do with your plan, nor your heart. Jonah is saying, I knew that this is what was going to happen from the start, and that's why I ran. What about for us? Have you ever felt frustrated with God because things didn't go the way you wanted, even if you knew it was right? Have you ever felt frustrated? Have you ever said to yourself, God, I knew that you would do that. That fits with your character. But I just can't get behind it. Jonah isn't shocked by God's grace. He isn't shocked by God's mercy. He's offended by it. So much so that he goes to quote Scripture against God. He quotes Exodus, chapter 34. He says this. This is a passage where Moses is hiding in the cleft of a rock. God is passing before him. And God says, this the Lord passed passed before him, Moses and proclaimed the Lord. The Lord, a God, merciful and gracious, slow to anger, and abounding in steadfast love and faithfulness. The irony that Jonah would quote this passage in this moment is unbelievable, except for it has to be from God. And I think it has to be that Jonah is also extremely frustrated with God. Jonah quotes this passage. This the context of this passage. The reason that Moses is hiding in the cleft of the rock and this is happening why? Why is it that God is proclaiming this message to Moses is that the Israelites had just built a golden calf. They had just broken the covenant that God had made with them. God, wanting to destroy them, relents from disaster of his own people and proclaims that this is who God is. He is a God who is gracious, slow to anger, abounding in steadfast love and faithfulness. In the same moment where Jonah is furious with God that he would not save his own people, that he doesn't save his own people, that he doesn't care for Israel, he quotes a passage where God does exactly that. Jonah is furious. So Jonah tells God that it would be better off for him to die than to live. Verses 3 and 4, it says, Therefore, now, O Lord, please take my life from me, for it is better for me to die than to live. And the Lord said, do you do well to be angry? Jonah responds to God, I would rather die. I would rather die than be in a world where this is true. Have you ever felt so crushed by the unmet expectations that you didn't want to keep following God's will anymore, God's ways anymore? Not that you didn't believe in him, but that you didn't like what he wanted for you. Jonah is making a mistake here that too many of us make, too many people make about God. I have heard people say time and time again things like, well, if God could send people to hell, then I don't really want to worship him. If he would say that homosexuality is wrong, then I don't want to follow him. If he could make people, knowing that they would go to hell. I can't follow a God like that. Essentially, what people are saying is my version of morality, my version of what I think is right and wrong, is ultimate, is ultimately correct. If God doesn't fit my definition of good, then I'm out. I get to have the godlike standard of morality that everyone else has to submit to. Essentially, that's what we're saying. I've had Multiple people come up to me and debate about God. Usually atheists talking about whether God is real and passages like whether homosexuality is true or not, or, you know, whether, you know, creation was in six days or whether evolution is true. You know, these are the things that we get hung up on. And then I finally have to get to a spot where I say we can talk about those things after. But we have to answer this question first. Is Jesus actually God? Did he actually die for our sins? Is he actually risen? Because if that's true, if that's the point that we believe, we believe that he is God. He is seated on the throne right now. If that's what we believe, those things ultimately we can address later. Those things we can get to. But everything that we believe, everything that God then says we must submit to. Is there anything that we wouldn't do for God? These secondary things, I mean, if God. If God were to ask us to only wear the color green from here on out, or that we couldn't eat soup, or that we had to speak in Spanish from now on, or we had to hop on one leg, would we do these things for God? Or would we say, no, God, what you've asked of us is way too much. No, if he is truly God, if he's seated on the throne, there isn't anything that we shouldn't do for him. This feeling of self righteous morality, believing that he knows what's right, drives Jonah's anger into a deeper and darker place, into a place of utter distress, saying, God, it would be better for me to die than to live. And God responds with a question. He says, son, are you sure? Do you think that this is the right response? Where are these actions taking you? Are you on the right path right now? Verse 5 helps us to see furthermore what Jonah is feeling. So Jonah leaves the city in verse five and makes a hut outside the city or a booth outside the city. He does this because he's trying to get comfortable. He's trying to avoid the sun. The heat in the Middle east is not, it's not like the heat that we get in Michigan. It's not, you know, the sun isn't like, you know, in the Middle East. It's not like the first day of spring when we get sunburned. At least that's what I get because I'm the shade of sour cream. I'm pretty white and so I get burnt like crazy. But it's even more dangerous than that. It could take people's life. And so he's making this hut for himself. And he sits down. He's waiting to see God destroy the city. It's as if Jonah's outside or he's at a sports game and he's making a little booth for himself to watch, to become a spectator of what would become of Nineveh. Jonah makes himself comfortable in the hopes that he would see thousands of people suffer. God sees that Jonah is not getting the point, and that leads us into our second point, When God's mercy corrects our misery God is going to correct Jonah here in verse 6, God then appoints a plant to come up over Jonah to grow rapidly, and this results in Jonah going from exceedingly sad to exceedingly glad. And then in verse seven, God, it said, but God, or But when dawn came up the next day, God appointed a worm to attack the plant so that it withered. Notice a familiar word that keeps coming up here that we saw in chapter one, the word appointed. Just like God had appointed a fish to rescue Jonah, the plant was more than rescue from the heat. It was there to correct Jonah. God wanted to show him something. And yet this frustrated Jonah. In verse nine, it says, but God said to Jonah, do you do well to be angry for the plant? And he said, yes, I do well to be angry. Angry enough to die, God. Jonah's essentially saying, God, I'd rather die than be in this discomfort, than be around you, who's not only not punishing Nineveh, but also forcing me to suffer in this way. Now, there's something before we move on, we have to examine here, because it's not in our English translations. It's this word raha. It's a Hebrew word that means disaster, displease, discomfort, evil, or even ugliness. This word pops up three times in this ending. It actually starts in Jonah 3, verse 10, and it pops up two more times in chapter 4. He says in Jonah 3 that the Ninevites were rescued from their disaster, or racha. In verse one of chapter four, it says, but it displeased, or Racha. It displeased Jonah exceedingly, and that he was angry that Jonah's heart was turning ugly, it was turning towards evilness, the disaster. In verse 10, it was the ugliness that would have been poured out on Nineveh. And in verse 6, Jonah is saved from his discomfort, from his raha, the ugliness that would have happened to him, the bad outcome that would have happened to him. Now, I'm not just bringing up Hebrew words because it's fun or it's Interesting. I oftentimes don't intentionally, because nobody knows Hebrew. Not even many pastors know Hebrew. It's a terrible language. Anyways. Greek I understand a little bit, but Hebrew, never mind. You guys don't need to know that. But the point in bringing this up, the point in any of this, is that Jonah writes this intentionally. The reason that this word comes up three times in this short section, the short amount of verses, is because Jonah wants us to see something here. He wants us to see something and not to miss it. The original reader wouldn't have been able to miss it. I don't want you to miss it. What Jonah is saying to the reader is what God did for Nineveh, he did for me. And I missed it. I missed it. I was wrong. I had this whole thing wrong about God. I only wanted what I wanted. I wanted what my heart desired. I didn't want God's heart. I thought that my ways were higher than his ways. I didn't see his mercy. I didn't see how beautiful he was. I didn't see how gentle he was being with me. And that's what we see in these last two verses. Verses 10 and 11. It says, and the Lord said, you pity the plant for which you did not labor, nor did you make it grow, which came into being in a night and perished in a night. And should I not pity Nineveh, that great city in which there are more than 120,000 persons who do not know their right hand from their left, and also much cattle? God is saying to Jonah, I saved you. I was the one who did it. I saved you in the boat. I saved you when you jumped into the sea. I'm saving you now. God's saying, I was the one who did it. But you're mad at me for doing the same thing for Nineveh. You don't even care about the cattle. You care about the plant, and you don't even care about the cattle there, let alone the people who bear my image in that city. Jonah was mad that God didn't destroy them. God was showing Jonah that he loves Nineveh, that his heart breaks for them. Jonah would have preferred for the plant to live and for Nineveh to die. He loved comfort more than compassion. And that's where God presses this question into Jonah that Jonah doesn't want to hear, that we don't want to hear. Do you pursue God's heart or just your own preferences? And that leads us to our main idea for today. Main idea: God's mercy is greater than our preferences. God's mercy is greater than our preferences. But essentially, God is asking Jonah this do you pursue my heart? Do you want to continue to act the way you think, the way you think you should? Or do you want something infinitely better? Too many people sit in church week after week feeling this feeling of God. I really just want to be able to do what I want. But I know that you, your word says that I shouldn't do these certain things, but I just. I see these as rules. And there's this tension in a lot of people's hearts who sit in churches week after week. This heart wrestling of going, these laws feel like they're keeping me from really what I want to do. The truth is, as we get to know each other more and more, I want to help you get to understand a little bit more of me. But I'm not going to be the kind of pastor who leads a moral reformation. The truth is, I don't really want you guys to leave here simply being more moral. I don't want you to leave being less moral. But if you leave here today with 10 tips on how to follow God a little bit better, you've missed the point. If you leave today here going, well, I need to try harder and be better, and God will love me for that. You've missed the point. If you want to run after your own desires, I'm not going to be the kind of pastor who stops you, because God won't stop you either. Romans, chapter one lays this out for us, actually, in some nice clarity. It says, for although they knew God, they did not honor him as God. Claiming to be wise, they became fools, and they exchanged the glory of the immortal God for images resembling mortal man. Therefore, God gave them up to the lusts of their hearts, to the impurity, to dishonoring their bodies among themselves, because they exchanged the truth about God for a lie and worshiped and served the creature rather than the Creator. You might think, okay, that sounds pretty harsh. That sounds. It doesn't really sound that good. And yet I want to lay it on thick here. This is what God calls his wrath. I specifically left out verse 18, which is the intro to that section. It says, for the wrath of God is revealed from heaven against all ungodliness. We think about God's wrath in a couple different ways. We think of it as hellfire and brimstone coming against judgment, against those who are doing wrong. But the New Testament lays it out for us like this. God is going to allow us to run after the sinful and evil desires of our heart, that is enough punishment. That's the same kind of punishment of hellfire and brimstone. And we think, wow, that seems pretty, pretty easy. Sounds like I can still do the things that I want. If you are thinking that you don't understand your sin. Our sin divorces us from our soul. It separates us from who we are. Our sin allowing us to run after our sin is torture in God's eyes. It will destroy us. This is what Jonah's doing. He's running after what he wants. God comes to Jonah and asks him, where does this path lead you? Where does living you do you lifestyle lead? How is it, how is it beneficial to you, Jonah, that you could do this? That you could run from me? Can't. The truth is you can chase what you want only for so long before you find yourself outside the loving arms God. I'm not saying that there's a place that you can run to that you can be so disobedient that you can be beyond forgiveness. That's not what I'm saying. But there is a reality that you can run so far from God that you find yourself permanently separated from him again. This isn't a try harder be better message. This isn't a if I do the things that God asks me to do, then I won't be outside God's loving arms. And that'll be good for me. No, the only way for you to follow God's law in joy, in a joyful attitude, is by pursuing his heart, is by loving Him. We can't do it any other way. A white knuckled trying to be obedient to God's law will not grant us anything except for resentment. We have to love the God who gives us his word, who gives us his law. When we love him, we'll fall in love with what he commands us to do. It's not always easy, it's not always comfortable. But it's always centered on what's true and eternal. There's a hymn by John Newton. He was the same person who wrote Amazing Grace. He wrote a hymn. It was never put to music, but it's one of my favorite pieces of literature written in all of Christianity. It says this. Our pleasure and our duty, though opposite before, since we have seen his beauty are joined to part no more. To see the law by Christ fulfilled and hear his pardoning voice transforms a slave into a child and duty into choice. What this hymn represents is what it is talking about is at some point in our Life following our duty to God, being obedient to God was separate from our pleasure, was separate. It was a burden on us. But when we see Christ, when we become a child, when we are transformed from a slave into a child, that duty, that obedience, becomes something that's light. It becomes a choice, becomes something that we live into. That leads us to our points of application. First, we must remember God's goodness before suffering comes. One of the worst times to be given a book on suffering is when you're in the midst of it. If you've ever been there and a well intentioned Christian has given you that, it can feel, it can feel harsh. We need to prepare ourselves before suffering comes. Trials and suffering will come. This is a promise to all of us as humans, especially those of us as Christians. Are we ready? Are you ready to see God in the midst of suffering? Or will you be like Jonah and run? Jonah forgot that the same God who could be trusted, who rescued him from the sea, could be trusted with the city. If we remember God's goodness before the storm, we will forget him in the midst of it. Suffering can be hard for us individually, but some of the hardest things for us spiritually is not just our own suffering, but seeing those around us suffering, seeing our spouse, seeing our parents, seeing our children or our brothers and sisters, our friends suffer can be detrimental, can be so hard on us spiritually. My challenge for you this week is to take inventory of the things and the people in your life. Pray to God this week about how he can prepare you for suffering. That's what you got in your bulletin this week. It's a prayer, a prayer guide. I challenge you. Take 15 minutes this week, go through that, prepare your heart, because suffering will come. And if we're not ready for it now, it'll be incredibly hard for us later. Trials will happen. God will bring us through suffering. Will we pursue him or our own sense of what's right and wrong? And that leads us into our last point of application. Recognize the danger of loveless orthodoxy. The reality is that Jonah had good, good theology. He even quoted scripture. The problem isn't that Jonah didn't believe the right things. It's that Jonah didn't love God's heart. The thing about us as reformed people is that we don't just love being right, we love knowing that we're right. Probably more than any other denomination, that's true of us. I feel that I've. I had a professor say that to me once and I was like, oh, that cuts right to the Heart. It's easy for us to say that God is powerful and yet we don't fear God. It's easy for us to sing songs about God's mercy and yet demand justice of all the people around us. It's easy for us to say that God is infinite and yet try to force him into a box small enough, small enough that we believe we can control Him. Having good theology is often like obedience. If we do it out of a heart that is not in love with God, it is meaningless. You will not be able to be joyfully obedient or have good theology without loving God. And if you try, you will miss the point entirely. The truth is, Satan can pick up God's word and say that this whole book is inerrant, that there's not one word in here that isn't true. Satan can say that. He just hates that. It is true. He hates it. Jonah's theology was flawless, but his heart was frozen. He could quote Exodus, but he couldn't rejoice in it. Orthodoxy without love is idolatry. Don't pass up delighting in God, delighting in the heart of God for something so shallow as having good orthodoxy, good theology. It's an idol that leads us actually away from God. How is it that we can run in joyful righteousness? How is it that we can love theology and not be a shell? It's not idolatry. Why is it that we can pursue God's heart? It's because on the cross Jesus heart was was crushed. Jesus heart was pierced and water flowed out of it. God wanted, or Jonah wanted Nineveh to perish and Jesus died to save the Ninevites on the cross. God crushed the heart of His Son so that ours could be made new. This is why we can pursue God's heart. It's because his grace, his mercy, already pursued us. Jonah ran from God's heart. Jesus revealed God's heart for sinners. Jonah sat outside the city waiting and hoping for judgment. Jesus went outside the city ready to bear our judgment, the judgment for us. We can love good works, we can love righteousness, good theology, obedience, and not have it be idolatry. Because we can love the heart of the infinite, God of the universe, a heart that bursts forth with mercy for the undeserving Ninevites and for us as undeserving sinners, prosper as we leave here. But let's be reminded that God's mercy is greater than our preferences. Do you pursue God's heart? Would you stand with me as we pray? And prepare to respond in worship. Facebook X (Twitter) WhatsApp LinkedIn Pinterest Copy link

Never Alone Marriage Conference Vacation Bible School June 23-27 | 9:00-11:00AM Register Now Volunteer Christmas Eve Times In a world full of noise and competing messages, kids need to hear the gospel of Jesus Christ. VBS: Magnified! is the perfect opportunity for K–5th graders to dive into God’s Word, explore the wonder of His creation, and proclaim His greatness. During this action-packed week, kids will discover: God made them and loves them. God forgives them and keeps His promises. We were created to magnify and praise God! This isn’t just for Peace Church families—it’s for your friends, your neighbors, and anyone who needs to hear the good news. Don’t miss this chance to give kids a firm foundation in truth and the hope that only Jesus brings. Advent Sermon Series Watch Sermon Series Go Tell It On The Mountain Christmas isn’t just about exchanging gifts—it’s the ultimate Good News that needs to be shared. This December, we’ll explore how the birth of Jesus sparked a reaction across generations and social divides. From his closest relatives to his fiercest enemies, we’ll see how each response to the Savior’s arrival inspires us to carry this incredible news into the world. Join us as we hear, celebrate, and boldly share the Good News: Jesus Christ is born! Watch the Advent Sermon Series Frequently Asked Questions What we do Change the text and add your own content, including any information that is relevant to share. Breakout Speakers Name Name Name Name Name Name Frequently Asked Questions What is the theme of VBS? Our theme this year is "Magnified!" During the week we will encourage kids to look closely at the details of God’s amazing world and magnify, or proclaim, the greatness of God. God made us, cares about us, loves us, forgives us, and is faithful to keep all His promises to us. We can praise God together! We were made to magnify God! How do I register? You can register for VBS here . What is the VBS schedule? VBS will take place on Monday, June 23 - Friday, June 27 from 6-8 PM each night. Each night, we will have Large Group time where we will worship and have skits, followed by crafts, Bible study, and games! Is there a cost? No, VBS is free! Who can I contact for more information? Contact Paula Averill for more information. Can I attend this if I do not attend Peace Church? Yes, everyone is welcome to register for VBS! Will meals be provided? No, meals will not be provided. Vision To see the Gospel embraced and passed on for generations of Kingdom impact. Mission At Peace Church, we are Gospel-Centered, Family-Focused, and Kingdom-Minded. Sponsors Sponsors 2024 Conference Messages

What is Sin? Sin brings guilt because it is the soul’s way of responding to something that is incomprehensibly harmful to it. Like pain in the body when physically harmed, shame and guilt result when our souls have been damaged. Sin — by its very nature — brings shame, because it affirms that something has happened that never should have. It is more than someone making a wrong choice, but the reality that a wrong has happened against both individuals (Luke 15:21, Romans 3:23) and a community... Heading 5 What is Sin? Mitchell Leach December 10, 2024 What is Sin? If I were to ask someone at random from any church in America, “What is sin?” I’m not confident that I would get a full definition. It would be easier to ask someone to name some sins. This we can do well, but defining what sin is can be hard because sin distorts our reality. As humans who sin a lot, we should have the ability to define precisely what sin is. “Sin wraps itself in a cloak, spreads abroad dense fog, waits for darkest night and moves stealthily.” [1] Sin makes us unable to view the world rightly and therefore being aware of what sin is takes more than just being good at sinning. It takes the ability to step back and look at how God sees sin as described in the Bible. Defining Sin “God made man upright, but they have sought out many schemes” [2] Ecclesiastes 7:29. I love the Westminster Shorter Catechism’s definition of sin: “Sin is any want of conformity unto, or transgression of, the law of God.” [3] When it says “Sin is any want of conformity…” this means — in plain language — that it isn’t simply violating when God prohibits something, but is also sin when we fail to conform to his positive commandments. For example, when God says to love your neighbor as yourself, a failure to do this is also sinful. You could also say that this is a covenantal way to view sin. Sin revolts against God’s good and just covenant, it sees God as an evil God whose covenant and word we cannot trust. From a church history perspective, the doctrine of sin has been something that has marked churches that were faithful to orthodox (or true) Christianity. Aside from a few minor heretics throughout church history, there hasn’t been pushback against the doctrine of sin until the last 50 years. Why would God need to remind us of something that brings us so much shame? Sin brings guilt because it is the soul’s way of responding to something that is incomprehensibly harmful to it. Like pain in the body when physically harmed, shame and guilt result when our souls have been damaged. Sin — by its very nature — brings shame, because it affirms that something has happened that never should have. It is more than someone making a wrong choice, but the reality that a wrong has happened against both individuals (Luke 15:21, Romans 3:23) and a community (Joshua 7:1, Nehemiah 1:6-7, Acts 2:40, 1 Corinthians 12:26). Sin is also — and most devastatingly — against God himself (Psalm 51:4, Genesis 39:9). We must address the origin of sin, and that it doesn’t come from God. [4] But it would be false to say that sin is an eternal thing, or somehow is equal to God. Sin came into the world through Adam and Eve. [5] Wayne Grudem describes three things that led to the fall of man. The first was to question God’s revelation, they questioned what was true. Second was to question God’s morality, they questioned what was good. And the third was to question rationality, it doesn’t make sense to go against God. [6] God commands us not to sin because it violates how we were created to function. The fall of man into sin plunged him “into an estate of sin and misery.” [7] God had warned them against this, but Adam and Eve didn’t listen. The results of this are that mankind felt shame and guilt for the first time. [8] Mankind once — in the garden — had the ability not to sin. Because of their disobedience, we lost this ability, and now we can’t seek God or seek righteousness apart from him. This is also called total depravity. This affected our relationship with God. We went from children in a perfect state with God to becoming children of wrath. We see this in the garden when God not only gives curses to Adam and Eve, but he exiles them from the garden. Mankind now lives subject to the judgment of God. And because of our sin, we are all guilty. [9] The nature of sin is that it destroys the soul. Sin is naturally bad for humans, this is why God commands us not to sin, [10] not to rob us of fun but to deliver us from the undoing of our souls. C.S. Lewis says this, “It begins with a grumbling mood, and yourself still distinct from it: perhaps criticizing it. And yourself, in a dark hour, may will that mood, embrace it. Ye can repent and come out of it again. But there may come a day when you can do that no longer. Then there will be no you left to criticize the mood, nor even to enjoy it, but just the grumble itself going on forever like a machine. It is not a question of God ‘sending us’ to hell. In each of us, there is something growing, which will BE hell unless it is nipped in the bud.” Sin is painful to talk about because it is the worst news there is, that we have done a cosmic injustice that we cannot repair. The good news is that God had a plan to fix sin. In a very real sense sin is the opponent he came to conquer on our behalf. God sent his son, to pay the debt for sin that we couldn’t pay, by dying on the cross. Jesus came to defeat sin and death once and for all. For those who are Christians, we can look forward to eternity where there will be no more sin, no more shame, and no more miseries of life. Joel R. Beeke and Paul M. Smalley, Reformed Systematic Theology: Man and Christ, vol. 2 (Wheaton, IL: Crossway, 2020), 325. ESV, Crossway, Ec 7:29. The Westminster Shorter Catechism: With Scripture Proofs, 3rd edition. (Oak Harbor, WA: Logos Research Systems, Inc., 1996). Question 14 ESV, Crossway, Dt 32:4. 4 “The Rock, his work is perfect, for all his ways are justice. A God of faithfulness and without iniquity, just and upright is he. ESV, Crossway, Ro 5:12. “Therefore, just as sin came into the world through one man, and death through sin, and so death spread to all men because all sinned” Grudem, Wayne. "Systematic Theology." 2nd ed. Zondervan, 2000, Grand Rapids, Michigan, 494. The Westminster Shorter Catechism: With Scripture Proofs, 3rd edition. (Oak Harbor, WA: Logos Research Systems, Inc., 1996). The Holy Bible: English Standard Version (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2016), Ge 3:10. “I heard the sound of you in the garden, and I was afraid, because I was naked, and I hid myself.” The Holy Bible: English Standard Version (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2016), Ro 3:22–23. “For there is no distinction: 23 for all have sinned and fall short of the glory of God,” ten commandments If you look at any human relationship – any meaningful one at that – you will find injustice from either party. It is inescapable, humanity defaults toward relational injustice, not towards relational justice. We inflict harm to those we love, and those who love us. Humanity has a strange propensity to cause brokenness in relationships. We do this not just in our horizontal relationships, but in our vertical relationship with God. How is man made right with God? How is Man Made Right With God? Read Learn More About What We Believe Prosper Christian Reformed Church holds that the Bible is the inerrant, divinely inspired Word of God and the highest authority for faith and life. We believe in the centrality of the gospel: that all people are sinners in need of salvation, which comes through Jesus Christ’s atoning death and resurrection, by grace alone through faith alone. We practices infant baptism as a sign of covenant inclusion and uphold traditional biblical teachings on marriage, gender roles, and sexuality. We affirm Reformed theology, including the five points of Calvinism, and embrace an amillennial view of Christ’s reign and the end times. What We Believe

Heading 3 Adam Nash Open Chair Counseling

The Heidelberg Catechism is a historical document that Reformed churches have used since the reformation. Heidelberg Catechism Introduction Part I: Misery Part II: Deliverance God The Father God The Holy Spirit God The Son The Holy Sacraments Holy Baptism The Holy Supper of Jesus Christ Part III: Gratitude The Ten Commandments The Lord's Prayer Introduction The Heidelberg Catechism (1563) is one of the most beloved and widely used confessions of faith in the Reformed tradition. Commissioned by Elector Frederick III of the Palatinate, it was written in Heidelberg, Germany, to provide a clear, biblical, and pastoral guide for teaching the Christian faith. Traditionally attributed to Zacharias Ursinus as the primary writer, with Caspar Olevianus playing a smaller role, the catechism was designed for young people, church preaching, and confessional unity among Protestants. Organized into 52 Lord’s Days for weekly study, it follows three key themes: guilt (our sin and need for salvation), grace (God’s redemption through Christ), and gratitude (our response to His grace). This simple yet profound structure makes it a valuable tool for both new and mature believers. The Synod of Dort (1619) formally approved the catechism, and it has since been translated worldwide, shaping the faith of countless Christians. With its warm, pastoral tone, the Heidelberg Catechism remains a trusted resource for understanding the comfort and assurance found in Jesus Christ. Lord’s Day 1 Q & A 1 Q. What is your only comfort in life and in death? A. That I am not my own,1 but belong— body and soul, in life and in death—2 to my faithful Savior, Jesus Christ.3 He has fully paid for all my sins with his precious blood,4 and has set me free from the tyranny of the devil.5 He also watches over me in such a way6 that not a hair can fall from my head without the will of my Father in heaven;7 in fact, all things must work together for my salvation.8 Because I belong to him, Christ, by his Holy Spirit, assures me of eternal life9 and makes me wholeheartedly willing and ready from now on to live for him.10 1 1 Cor. 6:19-20 2 Rom. 14:7-9 3 1 Cor. 3:23; Titus 2:14 4 1 Pet. 1:18-19; 1 John 1:7-9; 2:2 5 John 8:34-36; Heb. 2:14-15; 1 John 3:1-11 6 John 6:39-40; 10:27-30; 2 Thess. 3:3; 1 Pet. 1:5 7 Matt. 10:29-31; Luke 21:16-18 8 Rom. 8:28 9 Rom. 8:15-16; 2 Cor. 1:21-22; 5:5; Eph. 1:13-14 10 Rom. 8:1-17 Q & A 2 Q. What must you know to live and die in the joy of this comfort? A. Three things: first, how great my sin and misery are;1 second, how I am set free from all my sins and misery;2 third, how I am to thank God for such deliverance.3 1 Rom. 3:9-10; 1 John 1:10 2 John 17:3; Acts 4:12; 10:43 3 Matt. 5:16; Rom. 6:13; Eph. 5:8-10; 2 Tim. 2:15; 1 Pet. 2:9-10 Part I: Misery Lord’s Day 2 Q & A 3 Q. How do you come to know your misery? A. The law of God tells me.1 1 Rom. 3:20; 7:7-25 Q & A 4 Q. What does God’s law require of us? A. Christ teaches us this in summary in Matthew 22:37-40: “‘You shall love the Lord your God with all your heart, and with all your soul, and with all your mind.’1 This is the greatest and first commandment. “And a second is like it: ‘You shall love your neighbor as yourself.’2 “On these two commandments hang all the law and the prophets.” 1 Deut. 6:5 2 Lev. 19:18 Q & A 5 Q. Can you live up to all this perfectly? A. No.1 I have a natural tendency to hate God and my neighbor.2 1 Rom. 3:9-20, 23; 1 John 1:8, 10 2 Gen. 6:5; Jer. 17:9; Rom. 7:23-24; 8:7; Eph. 2:1-3; Titus 3:3 Lord’s Day 3 Q & A 6 Q. Did God create people so wicked and perverse? A. No. God created them good1 and in his own image,2 that is, in true righteousness and holiness,3 so that they might truly know God their creator,4 love him with all their heart, and live with God in eternal happiness, to praise and glorify him.5 1 Gen. 1:31 2 Gen. 1:26-27 3 Eph. 4:24 4 Col. 3:10 5 Ps. 8 Q & A 7 Q. Then where does this corrupt human nature come from? A. The fall and disobedience of our first parents, Adam and Eve, in Paradise.1 This fall has so poisoned our nature2 that we are all conceived and born in a sinful condition.3 1 Gen. 3 2 Rom. 5:12, 18-19 3 Ps. 51:5 Q & A 8 Q. But are we so corrupt that we are totally unable to do any good and inclined toward all evil? A. Yes,1 unless we are born again by the Spirit of God.2 1 Gen. 6:5; 8:21; Job 14:4; Isa. 53:6 2 John 3:3-5 Lord’s Day 4 Q & A 9 Q. But doesn’t God do us an injustice by requiring in his law what we are unable to do? A. No, God created human beings with the ability to keep the law.1 They, however, provoked by the devil,2 in willful disobedience,3 robbed themselves and all their descendants of these gifts.4 1 Gen. 1:31; Eph. 4:24 2 Gen. 3:13; John 8:44 3 Gen. 3:6 4 Rom. 5:12, 18, 19 Q & A 10 Q. Does God permit such disobedience and rebellion to go unpunished? A. Certainly not. God is terribly angry with the sin we are born with as well as the sins we personally commit. As a just judge, God will punish them both now and in eternity,1 having declared: “Cursed is everyone who does not observe and obey all the things written in the book of the law.”2 1 Ex. 34:7; Ps. 5:4-6; Nah. 1:2; Rom. 1:18; Eph. 5:6; Heb. 9:27 2 Gal. 3:10; Deut. 27:26 Q & A 11 Q. But isn’t God also merciful? A. God is certainly merciful,1 but also just.2 God’s justice demands that sin, committed against his supreme majesty, be punished with the supreme penalty— eternal punishment of body and soul.3 1 Ex. 34:6-7; Ps. 103:8-9 2 Ex. 34:7; Deut. 7:9-11; Ps. 5:4-6; Heb. 10:30-31 3 Matt. 25:35-46 BACK TO TOP Part II: Deliverance Lord’s Day 5 Q & A 12 Q. According to God’s righteous judgment we deserve punishment both now and in eternity: how then can we escape this punishment and return to God’s favor? A. God requires that his justice be satisfied.1 Therefore the claims of this justice must be paid in full, either by ourselves or by another.2 1 Ex. 23:7; Rom. 2:1-11 2 Isa. 53:11; Rom. 8:3-4 Q & A 13 Q. Can we make this payment ourselves? A. Certainly not. Actually, we increase our debt every day.1 1 Matt. 6:12; Rom. 2:4-5 Q & A 14 Q. Can another creature—any at all— pay this debt for us? A. No. To begin with, God will not punish any other creature for what a human is guilty of.1 Furthermore, no mere creature can bear the weight of God’s eternal wrath against sin and deliver others from it.2 1 Ezek. 18:4, 20; Heb. 2:14-18 2 Ps. 49:7-9; 130:3 Q & A 15 Q. What kind of mediator and deliverer should we look for then? A. One who is a true1 and righteous2 human, yet more powerful than all creatures, that is, one who is also true God.3 1 Rom. 1:3; 1 Cor. 15:21; Heb. 2:17 2 Isa. 53:9; 2 Cor. 5:21; Heb. 7:26 3 Isa. 7:14; 9:6; Jer. 23:6; John 1:1 Lord’s Day 6 Q & A 16 Q. Why must the mediator be a true and righteous human? A. God’s justice demands that human nature, which has sinned, must pay for sin;1 but a sinful human could never pay for others.2 1 Rom. 5:12, 15; 1 Cor. 15:21; Heb. 2:14-16 2 Heb. 7:26-27; 1 Pet. 3:18 Q & A 17 Q. Why must the mediator also be true God? A. So that the mediator, by the power of his divinity, might bear the weight of God’s wrath in his humanity and earn for us and restore to us righteousness and life.1 1 Isa. 53; John 3:16; 2 Cor. 5:21 Q & A 18 Q. Then who is this mediator— true God and at the same time a true and righteous human? A. Our Lord Jesus Christ,1 who was given to us to completely deliver us and make us right with God.2 1 Matt. 1:21-23; Luke 2:11; 1 Tim. 2:5 2 1 Cor. 1:30 Q & A 19 Q. How do you come to know this? A. The holy gospel tells me. God began to reveal the gospel already in Paradise;1 later God proclaimed it by the holy patriarchs2 and prophets3 and foreshadowed it by the sacrifices and other ceremonies of the law;4 and finally God fulfilled it through his own beloved Son.5 1 Gen. 3:15 2 Gen. 22:18; 49:10 3 Isa. 53; Jer. 23:5-6; Mic. 7:18-20; Acts 10:43; Heb. 1:1-2 4 Lev. 1-7; John 5:46; Heb. 10:1-10 5 Rom. 10:4; Gal. 4:4-5; Col. 2:17 Lord’s Day 7 Q & A 20 Q. Are all people then saved through Christ just as they were lost through Adam? A. No. Only those are saved who through true faith are grafted into Christ and accept all his benefits.1 1 Matt. 7:14; John 3:16, 18, 36; Rom. 11:16-21 Q & A 21 Q. What is true faith? A. True faith is not only a sure knowledge by which I hold as true all that God has revealed to us in Scripture;1 it is also a wholehearted trust,2 which the Holy Spirit creates in me3 by the gospel,4 that God has freely granted, not only to others but to me also,5 forgiveness of sins, eternal righteousness, and salvation.6 These are gifts of sheer grace, granted solely by Christ’s merit.7 1 John 17:3, 17; Heb. 11:1-3; James 2:19 2 Rom. 4:18-21; 5:1; 10:10; Heb. 4:14-16 3 Matt. 16:15-17; John 3:5; Acts 16:14 4 Rom. 1:16; 10:17; 1 Cor. 1:21 5 Gal. 2:20 6 Rom. 1:17; Heb. 10:10 7 Rom. 3:21-26; Gal. 2:16; Eph. 2:8-10 Q & A 22 Q. What then must a Christian believe? A. All that is promised us in the gospel,1 a summary of which is taught us in the articles of our universal and undisputed Christian faith. 1 Matt. 28:18-20; John 20:30-31 Q & A 23 Q. What are these articles? A. I believe in God, the Father almighty, creator of heaven and earth. I believe in Jesus Christ, his only begotten Son, our Lord, who was conceived by the Holy Spirit and born of the virgin Mary. He suffered under Pontius Pilate, was crucified, died, and was buried; he descended to hell. The third day he rose again from the dead. He ascended to heaven and is seated at the right hand of God the Father almighty. From there he will come to judge the living and the dead. I believe in the Holy Spirit, the holy catholic church, the communion of saints, the forgiveness of sins, the resurrection of the body, and the life everlasting. Amen. Lord’s Day 8 Q & A 24 Q. How are these articles divided? A. Into three parts: God the Father and our creation; God the Son and our deliverance; and God the Holy Spirit and our sanctification. Q & A 25 Q. Since there is only one divine being,1 why do you speak of three: Father, Son, and Holy Spirit? A. Because that is how God has revealed himself in his Word:2 these three distinct persons are one, true, eternal God. 1 Deut. 6:4; 1 Cor. 8:4, 6 2Matt. 3:16-17; 28:18-19; Luke 4:18 (Isa. 61:1); John 14:26; 15:26; 2 Cor. 13:14; Gal. 4:6; Tit. 3:5-6 God the Father Lord’s Day 9 Q & A 26 Q. What do you believe when you say, “I believe in God, the Father almighty, creator of heaven and earth”? A. That the eternal Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, who out of nothing created heaven and earth and everything in them,1 who still upholds and rules them by his eternal counsel and providence,2 is my God and Father because of Christ the Son.3 I trust God so much that I do not doubt he will provide whatever I need for body and soul,4 and will turn to my good whatever adversity he sends upon me in this sad world.5 God is able to do this because he is almighty God6 and desires to do this because he is a faithful Father.7 1 Gen. 1-2; Ex. 20:11; Ps. 33:6; Isa. 44:24; Acts 4:24; 14:15 2 Ps. 104; Matt. 6:30; 10:29; Eph. 1:11 3 John 1:12-13; Rom. 8:15-16; Gal. 4:4-7; Eph. 1:5 4 Ps. 55:22; Matt. 6:25-26; Luke 12:22-31 5 Rom. 8:28 6 Gen. 18:14; Rom. 8:31-39 7 Matt. 7:9-11 Lord’s Day 10 Q & A 27 Q. What do you understand by the providence of God? A. The almighty and ever present power of God1 by which God upholds, as with his hand, heaven and earth and all creatures,2 and so rules them that leaf and blade, rain and drought, fruitful and lean years, food and drink, health and sickness, prosperity and poverty—3 all things, in fact, come to us not by chance4 but by his fatherly hand.5 1 Jer. 23:23-24; Acts 17:24-28 2 Heb. 1:3 3 Jer. 5:24; Acts 14:15-17/a>; John 9:3; Prov. 22:2 4 Prov. 16:33 5 Matt. 10:29 Q & A 28 Q. How does the knowledge of God’s creation and providence help us? A. We can be patient when things go against us,1 thankful when things go well,2 and for the future we can have good confidence in our faithful God and Father that nothing in creation will separate us from his love.3 For all creatures are so completely in God’s hand that without his will they can neither move nor be moved.4 1 Job 1:21-22; James 1:3 2 Deut. 8:10; 1 Thess. 5:18 3 Ps. 55:22; Rom. 5:3-5; 8:38-39 4 Job 1:12; 2:6; Prov. 21:1; Acts 17:24-28 God the Son Lord’s Day 11 Q & A 29 Q. Why is the Son of God called “Jesus,” meaning “savior”? A. Because he saves us from our sins,1 and because salvation should not be sought and cannot be found in anyone else.2 1 Matt. 1:21; Heb. 7:25 2 Isa. 43:11; John 15:5; Acts 4:11-12; 1 Tim. 2:5 Q & A 30 Q. Do those who look for their salvation in saints, in themselves, or elsewhere really believe in the only savior Jesus? A. No. Although they boast of being his, by their actions they deny the only savior, Jesus.1 Either Jesus is not a perfect savior, or those who in true faith accept this savior have in him all they need for their salvation.2 1 1 Cor. 1:12-13; Gal. 5:4 2 Col. 1:19-20; 2:10; 1 John 1:7 Lord’s Day 12 Q & A 31 Q. Why is he called “Christ,” meaning “anointed”? A. Because he has been ordained by God the Father and has been anointed with the Holy Spirit1 to be our chief prophet and teacher2 who fully reveals to us the secret counsel and will of God concerning our deliverance;3 our only high priest4 who has delivered us by the one sacrifice of his body,5 and who continually pleads our cause with the Father;6 and our eternal king7 who governs us by his Word and Spirit, and who guards us and keeps us in the freedom he has won for us.8 1 Luke 3:21-22; 4:14-19 (Isa. 61:1); Heb. 1:9 (Ps. 45:7) 2 Acts 3:22 (Deut. 18:15) 3 John 1:18; 15:15 4 Heb. 7:17 (Ps. 110:4) 5 Heb. 9:12; 10:11-14 6 Rom. 8:34; Heb. 9:24 7 Matt. 21:5 (Zech. 9:9) 8 Matt. 28:18-20; John 10:28; Rev. 12:10-11 Q & A 32 Q. But why are you called a Christian? A. Because by faith I am a member of Christ1 and so I share in his anointing.2 I am anointed to confess his name,3 to present myself to him as a living sacrifice of thanks,4 to strive with a free conscience against sin and the devil in this life,5 and afterward to reign with Christ over all creation for eternity.6 1 1 Cor. 12:12-27 2 Acts 2:17 (Joel 2:28); 1 John 2:27 3 Matt. 10:32; Rom. 10:9-10; Heb. 13:15 4 Rom. 12:1; 1 Pet. 2:5, 9 5 Gal. 5:16-17; Eph. 6:11; 1 Tim. 1:18-19 6 Matt. 25:34; 2 Tim. 2:12 Lord’s Day 13 Q & A 33 Q. Why is he called God’s “only begotten Son” when we also are God’s children? A. Because Christ alone is the eternal, natural Son of God.1 We, however, are adopted children of God— adopted by grace through Christ.2 1 John 1:1-3, 14, 18; Heb. 1 2 John 1:12; Rom. 8:14-17; Eph. 1:5-6 Q & A 34 Q. Why do you call him “our Lord”? A. Because— not with gold or silver, but with his precious blood—1 he has set us free from sin and from the tyranny of the devil,2 and has bought us, body and soul, to be his very own.3 1 1 Pet. 1:18-19 2 Col. 1:13-14; Heb. 2:14-15 3 1 Cor. 6:20; 1 Tim. 2:5-6 Lord’s Day 14 Q & A 35 Q. What does it mean that he “was conceived by the Holy Spirit and born of the virgin Mary”? A. That the eternal Son of God, who is and remains true and eternal God,1 took to himself, through the working of the Holy Spirit,2 from the flesh and blood of the virgin Mary,3 a truly human nature so that he might also become David’s true descendant,4 like his brothers and sisters in every way5 except for sin.6 1 John 1:1; 10:30-36; Acts 13:33 (Ps. 2:7); Col. 1:15-17; 1 John 5:20 2 Luke 1:35 3 Matt. 1:18-23; John 1:14; Gal. 4:4; Heb. 2:14 4 2 Sam. 7:12-16; Ps. 132:11; Matt. 1:1; Rom. 1:3 5 Phil. 2:7; Heb. 2:17 6 Heb. 4:15; 7:26-27 Q & A 36 Q. How does the holy conception and birth of Christ benefit you? A. He is our mediator1 and, in God’s sight, he covers with his innocence and perfect holiness my sinfulness in which I was conceived.2 1 1 Tim. 2:5-6; Heb. 9:13-15 2 Rom. 8:3-4; 2 Cor. 5:21; Gal. 4:4-5; 1 Pet. 1:18-19 Lord’s Day 15 Q & A 37 Q. What do you understand by the word “suffered”? A. That during his whole life on earth, but especially at the end, Christ sustained in body and soul the wrath of God against the sin of the whole human race.1 This he did in order that, by his suffering as the only atoning sacrifice,2 he might deliver us, body and soul, from eternal condemnation,3 and gain for us God’s grace, righteousness, and eternal life.4 1 Isa. 53; 1 Pet. 2:24; 3:18 2 Rom. 3:25; Heb. 10:14; 1 John 2:2; 4:10 3 Rom. 8:1-4; Gal. 3:13 4 John 3:16; Rom. 3:24-26 Q & A 38 Q. Why did he suffer “under Pontius Pilate” as judge? A. So that he, though innocent, might be condemned by an earthly judge,1 and so free us from the severe judgment of God that was to fall on us.2 1 Luke 23:13-24; John 19:4, 12-16 2 Isa. 53:4-5; 2 Cor. 5:21; Gal. 3:13 Q & A 39 Q. Is it significant that he was “crucified” instead of dying some other way? A. Yes. By this I am convinced that he shouldered the curse which lay on me, since death by crucifixion was cursed by God.1 1 Gal. 3:10-13 (Deut. 21:23) Lord’s Day 16 Q & A 40 Q. Why did Christ have to suffer death? A. Because God’s justice and truth require it: 1 nothing else could pay for our sins except the death of the Son of God.2 1 Gen. 2:17 2 Rom. 8:3-4; Phil. 2:8; Heb. 2:9 Q & A 41 Q. Why was he “buried”? A. His burial testifies that he really died.1 1 Isa. 53:9; John 19:38-42; Acts 13:29; 1 Cor. 15:3-4 Q & A 42 Q. Since Christ has died for us, why do we still have to die? A. Our death does not pay the debt of our sins.1 Rather, it puts an end to our sinning and is our entrance into eternal life.2 1 Ps. 49:7 2 John 5:24; Phil. 1:21-23; 1 Thess. 5:9-10 Q & A 43 Q. What further benefit do we receive from Christ’s sacrifice and death on the cross? A. By Christ’s power our old selves are crucified, put to death, and buried with him,1 so that the evil desires of the flesh may no longer rule us,2 but that instead we may offer ourselves as a sacrifice of gratitude to him.3 1 Rom. 6:5-11; Col. 2:11-12 2 Rom. 6:12-14 3 Rom. 12:1; Eph. 5:1-2 Q & A 44 Q. Why does the creed add, “He descended to hell”? A. To assure me during attacks of deepest dread and temptation that Christ my Lord, by suffering unspeakable anguish, pain, and terror of soul, on the cross but also earlier, has delivered me from hellish anguish and torment.1 1 Isa. 53; Matt. 26:36-46; 27:45-46; Luke 22:44; Heb. 5:7-10 Lord’s Day 17 Q & A 45 Q. How does Christ’s resurrection benefit us? A. First, by his resurrection he has overcome death, so that he might make us share in the righteousness he obtained for us by his death.1 Second, by his power we too are already raised to a new life.2 Third, Christ’s resurrection is a sure pledge to us of our blessed resurrection.3 1 Rom. 4:25; 1 Cor. 15:16-20; 1 Pet. 1:3-5 2 Rom. 6:5-11; Eph. 2:4-6; Col. 3:1-4 3 Rom. 8:11; 1 Cor. 15:12-23; Phil. 3:20-21 Lord’s Day 18 Q & A 46 Q. What do you mean by saying, “He ascended to heaven”? A. That Christ, while his disciples watched, was taken up from the earth into heaven1 and remains there on our behalf2 until he comes again to judge the living and the dead.3 1 Luke 24:50-51; Acts 1:9-11 2 Rom. 8:34; Eph. 4:8-10; Heb. 7:23-25; 9:24 3 Acts 1:11 Q & A 47 Q. But isn’t Christ with us until the end of the world as he promised us?1 A. Christ is true human and true God. In his human nature Christ is not now on earth;2 but in his divinity, majesty, grace, and Spirit he is never absent from us.3 1 Matt. 28:20 2 Acts 1:9-11; 3:19-21 3 Matt. 28:18-20; John 14:16-19 Q & A 48 Q. If his humanity is not present wherever his divinity is, then aren’t the two natures of Christ separated from each other? A. Certainly not. Since divinity is not limited and is present everywhere,1 it is evident that Christ’s divinity is surely beyond the bounds of the humanity that has been taken on, but at the same time his divinity is in and remains personally united to his humanity.2 1 Jer. 23:23-24; Acts 7:48-49 (Isa. 66:1) 2 John 1:14; 3:13; Col. 2:9 Q & A 49 Q. How does Christ’s ascension to heaven benefit us? A. First, he is our advocate in heaven in the presence of his Father.1 Second, we have our own flesh in heaven as a sure pledge that Christ our head will also take us, his members, up to himself.2 Third, he sends his Spirit to us on earth as a corresponding pledge.3 By the Spirit’s power we seek not earthly things but the things above, where Christ is, sitting at God’s right hand.4 1 Rom. 8:34; 1 John 2:1 2 John 14:2; 17:24; Eph. 2:4-6 3 John 14:16; 2 Cor. 1:21-22; 5:5 4 Col. 3:1-4 Lord’s Day 19 Q & A 50 Q. Why the next words: “and is seated at the right hand of God”? A. Because Christ ascended to heaven to show there that he is head of his church,1 the one through whom the Father rules all things.2 1 Eph. 1:20-23; Col. 1:18 2 Matt. 28:18; John 5:22-23 Q & A 51 Q. How does this glory of Christ our head benefit us? A. First, through his Holy Spirit he pours out gifts from heaven upon us his members.1 Second, by his power he defends us and keeps us safe from all enemies.2 1 Acts 2:33; Eph. 4:7-12 2 Ps. 110:1-2; John 10:27-30; Rev. 19:11-16 Q & A 52 Q. How does Christ’s return “to judge the living and the dead” comfort you? A. In all distress and persecution, with uplifted head, I confidently await the very judge who has already offered himself to the judgment of God in my place and removed the whole curse from me.1 Christ will cast all his enemies and mine into everlasting condemnation, but will take me and all his chosen ones to himself into the joy and glory of heaven.2 1 Luke 21:28; Rom. 8:22-25; Phil. 3:20-21; Tit. 2:13-14 2 Matt. 25:31-46; 2 Thess. 1:6-10 BACK TO TOP God the Holy Spirit Lord’s Day 20 Q & A 53 Q. What do you believe concerning “the Holy Spirit”? A. First, that the Spirit, with the Father and the Son, is eternal God.1 Second, that the Spirit is given also to me,2 so that, through true faith, he makes me share in Christ and all his benefits,3 comforts me,4 and will remain with me forever.5 1 Gen. 1:1-2; Matt. 28:19; Acts 5:3-4 2 1 Cor. 6:19; 2 Cor. 1:21-22; Gal. 4:6 3 Gal. 3:14 4 John 15:26; Acts 9:31 5 John 14:16-17; 1 Pet. 4:14 Lord’s Day 21 Q & A 54 Q. What do you believe concerning “the holy catholic church”? A. I believe that the Son of God through his Spirit and Word,1 out of the entire human race,2 from the beginning of the world to its end,3 gathers, protects, and preserves for himself a community chosen for eternal life4 and united in true faith.5 And of this community I am6 and always will be7 a living member. 1 John 10:14-16; Acts 20:28; Rom. 10:14-17; Col. 1:18 2 Gen. 26:3b-4; Rev. 5:9 3 Isa. 59:21; 1 Cor. 11:26 4 Matt. 16:18; John 10:28-30; Rom. 8:28-30; Eph. 1:3-14 5 Acts 2:42-47; Eph. 4:1-6 6 1 John 3:14, 19-21 7 John 10:27-28; 1 Cor. 1:4-9; 1 Pet. 1:3-5 Q & A 55 Q. What do you understand by “the communion of saints”? A. First, that believers one and all, as members of this community, share in Christ and in all his treasures and gifts.1 Second, that each member should consider it a duty to use these gifts readily and joyfully for the service and enrichment of the other members.2 1 Rom. 8:32; 1 Cor. 6:17; 12:4-7, 12-13; 1 John 1:3 2 Rom. 12:4-8; 1 Cor. 12:20-27; 13:1-7; Phil. 2:4-8 Q & A 56 Q. What do you believe concerning “the forgiveness of sins”? A. I believe that God, because of Christ’s satisfaction, will no longer remember any of my sins1 or my sinful nature which I need to struggle against all my life.2 Rather, by grace God grants me the righteousness of Christ to free me forever from judgment.3 1 Ps. 103:3-4, 10, 12; Mic. 7:18-19; 2 Cor. 5:18-21; 1 John 1:7; 2:2 2 Rom. 7:21-25 3 John 3:17-18; Rom. 8:1-2 Lord’s Day 22 Q & A 57 Q. How does “the resurrection of the body” comfort you? A. Not only will my soul be taken immediately after this life to Christ its head,1 but also my very flesh will be raised by the power of Christ, reunited with my soul, and made like Christ’s glorious body.2 1 Luke 23:43; Phil. 1:21-23 2 1 Cor. 15:20, 42-46, 54; Phil. 3:21; 1 John 3:2 Q & A 58 Q. How does the article concerning “life everlasting” comfort you? A. Even as I already now experience in my heart the beginning of eternal joy,1 so after this life I will have perfect blessedness such as no eye has seen, no ear has heard, no human heart has ever imagined: a blessedness in which to praise God forever.2 1 Rom. 14:17 2 John 17:3; 1 Cor. 2:9 Lord’s Day 23 Q & A 59 Q. What good does it do you, however, to believe all this? A. In Christ I am righteous before God and heir to life everlasting.1 1 John 3:36; Rom. 1:17 (Hab. 2:4); Rom. 5:1-2 Q & A 60 Q. How are you righteous before God? A. Only by true faith in Jesus Christ.1 Even though my conscience accuses me of having grievously sinned against all God’s commandments, of never having kept any of them,2 and of still being inclined toward all evil,3 nevertheless, without any merit of my own,4 out of sheer grace,5 God grants and credits to me the perfect satisfaction, righteousness, and holiness of Christ,6 as if I had never sinned nor been a sinner, and as if I had been as perfectly obedient as Christ was obedient for me.7 All I need to do is accept this gift with a believing heart.8 1 Rom. 3:21-28; Gal. 2:16; Eph. 2:8-9; Phil 3:8-11 2 Rom. 3:9-10 3 Rom. 7:23 4 Tit. 3:4-5 5 Rom. 3:24; Eph. 2:8 6 Rom. 4:3-5 (Gen. 15:6); 2 Cor. 5:17-19; 1 John 2:1-2 7 Rom. 4:24-25; 2 Cor. 5:21 8 John 3:18; Acts 16:30-31 Q & A 61 Q. Why do you say that through faith alone you are righteous? A. Not because I please God by the worthiness of my faith. It is because only Christ’s satisfaction, righteousness, and holiness make me righteous before God,1 and because I can accept this righteousness and make it mine in no other way than through faith.2 1 1 Cor. 1:30-31 2 Rom. 10:10; 1 John 5:10-12 Lord’s Day 24 Q & A 62 Q. Why can’t our good works be our righteousness before God, or at least a part of our righteousness? A. Because the righteousness which can pass God’s judgment must be entirely perfect and must in every way measure up to the divine law.1 But even our best works in this life are imperfect and stained with sin.2 1 Rom. 3:20; Gal. 3:10 (Deut. 27:26) 2 Isa. 64:6 Q & A 63 Q. How can our good works be said to merit nothing when God promises to reward them in this life and the next?1 A. This reward is not earned; it is a gift of grace.2 1 Matt. 5:12; Heb. 11:6 2 Luke 17:10; 2 Tim. 4:7-8 Q & A 64 Q. But doesn’t this teaching make people indifferent and wicked? A. No. It is impossible for those grafted into Christ through true faith not to produce fruits of gratitude.1 1 Luke 6:43-45; John 15:5 The Holy Sacraments Lord’s Day 25 Q & A 65 Q. It is through faith alone that we share in Christ and all his benefits: where then does that faith come from? A. The Holy Spirit produces it in our hearts1 by the preaching of the holy gospel,2 and confirms it by the use of the holy sacraments.3 1 John 3:5; 1 Cor. 2:10-14; Eph. 2:8 2 Rom. 10:17; 1 Pet. 1:23-25 3 Matt. 28:19-20; 1 Cor. 10:16 Q & A 66 Q. What are sacraments? A. Sacraments are visible, holy signs and seals. They were instituted by God so that by our use of them he might make us understand more clearly the promise of the gospel, and seal that promise.1 And this is God’s gospel promise: to grant us forgiveness of sins and eternal life by grace because of Christ’s one sacrifice accomplished on the cross.2 1 Gen. 17:11; Deut. 30:6; Rom. 4:11 2 Matt. 26:27-28; Acts 2:38; Heb. 10:10 Q & A 67 Q. Are both the word and the sacraments then intended to focus our faith on the sacrifice of Jesus Christ on the cross as the only ground of our salvation? A. Yes! In the gospel the Holy Spirit teaches us and by the holy sacraments confirms that our entire salvation rests on Christ’s one sacrifice for us on the cross.1 1 Rom. 6:3; 1 Cor. 11:26; Gal. 3:27 Q & A 68 Q. How many sacraments did Christ institute in the New Testament? A. Two: holy baptism and the holy supper.1 1 Matt. 28:19-20; 1 Cor. 11:23-26 BACK TO TOP Holy Baptism Lord’s Day 26 Q & A 69 Q. How does holy baptism remind and assure you that Christ’s one sacrifice on the cross benefits you personally? A. In this way: Christ instituted this outward washing1 and with it promised that, as surely as water washes away the dirt from the body, so certainly his blood and his Spirit wash away my soul’s impurity, that is, all my sins.2 1 Acts 2:38 2 Matt. 3:11; Rom. 6:3-10; 1 Pet. 3:21 Q & A 70 Q. What does it mean to be washed with Christ’s blood and Spirit? A. To be washed with Christ’s blood means that God, by grace, has forgiven our sins because of Christ’s blood poured out for us in his sacrifice on the cross.1 To be washed with Christ’s Spirit means that the Holy Spirit has renewed and sanctified us to be members of Christ, so that more and more we become dead to sin and live holy and blameless lives.2 1 Zech. 13:1; Eph. 1:7-8; Heb. 12:24; 1 Pet. 1:2; Rev. 1:5 2 Ezek. 36:25-27; John 3:5-8; Rom. 6:4; 1 Cor. 6:11; Col. 2:11-12 Q & A 71 Q. Where does Christ promise that we are washed with his blood and Spirit as surely as we are washed with the water of baptism? A. In the institution of baptism, where he says: “Go therefore and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit.”1 “The one who believes and is baptized will be saved; but the one who does not believe will be condemned.”2 This promise is repeated when Scripture calls baptism “the water of rebirth”3 and the washing away of sins.4 1 Matt. 28:19 2 Mark 16:16 3 Tit. 3:5 4 Acts 22:16 Lord’s Day 27 Q & A 72 Q. Does this outward washing with water itself wash away sins? A. No, only Jesus Christ’s blood and the Holy Spirit cleanse us from all sins.1 1 Matt. 3:11; 1 Pet. 3:21; 1 John 1:7 Q & A 73 Q. Why then does the Holy Spirit call baptism the water of rebirth and the washing away of sins? A. God has good reason for these words. To begin with, God wants to teach us that the blood and Spirit of Christ take away our sins just as water removes dirt from the body.1 But more important, God wants to assure us, by this divine pledge and sign, that we are as truly washed of our sins spiritually as our bodies are washed with water physically.2 1 1 Cor. 6:11; Rev. 1:5; 7:14 2 Acts 2:38; Rom. 6:3-4; Gal. 3:27 Q & A 74 Q. Should infants also be baptized? A. Yes. Infants as well as adults are included in God’s covenant and people,1 and they, no less than adults, are promised deliverance from sin through Christ’s blood and the Holy Spirit who produces faith.2 Therefore, by baptism, the sign of the covenant, they too should be incorporated into the Christian church and distinguished from the children of unbelievers.3 This was done in the Old Testament by circumcision,4 which was replaced in the New Testament by baptism.5 1 Gen. 17:7; Matt. 19:14 2 Isa. 44:1-3; Acts 2:38-39; 16:31 3 Acts 10:47; 1 Cor. 7:14 4 Gen. 17:9-14 5 Col. 2:11-13 BACK TO TOP BACK TO TOP BACK TO TOP The Holy Supper of Jesus Christ Lord’s Day 28 Q & A 75 Q. How does the holy supper remind and assure you that you share in Christ’s one sacrifice on the cross and in all his benefits? A. In this way: Christ has commanded me and all believers to eat this broken bread and to drink this cup in remembrance of him. With this command come these promises:1 First, as surely as I see with my eyes the bread of the Lord broken for me and the cup shared with me, so surely his body was offered and broken for me and his blood poured out for me on the cross. Second, as surely as I receive from the hand of the one who serves, and taste with my mouth the bread and cup of the Lord, given me as sure signs of Christ’s body and blood, so surely he nourishes and refreshes my soul for eternal life with his crucified body and poured-out blood. 1 Matt. 26:26-28; Mark 14:22-24; Luke 22:19-20; 1 Cor. 11:23-25 Q & A 76 Q. What does it mean to eat the crucified body of Christ and to drink his poured-out blood? A. It means to accept with a believing heart the entire suffering and death of Christ and thereby to receive forgiveness of sins and eternal life.1 But it means more. Through the Holy Spirit, who lives both in Christ and in us, we are united more and more to Christ’s blessed body.2 And so, although he is in heaven3 and we are on earth, we are flesh of his flesh and bone of his bone.4 And we forever live on and are governed by one Spirit, as the members of our body are by one soul.5 1 John 6:35, 40, 50-54 2 John 6:55-56; 1 Cor. 12:13 3 Acts 1:9-11; 1 Cor. 11:26; Col. 3:1 4 1 Cor. 6:15-17; Eph. 5:29-30; 1 John 4:13 5 John 6:56-58; 15:1-6; Eph. 4:15-16; 1 John 3:24 Q & A 77 Q. Where does Christ promise to nourish and refresh believers with his body and blood as surely as they eat this broken bread and drink this cup? A. In the institution of the Lord’s Supper: “The Lord Jesus on the night when he was betrayed took a loaf of bread, and when he had given thanks, he broke it and said, ‘This is my body that is [broken]* for you. Do this in remembrance of me.’ In the same way he took the cup also, after supper, saying, ‘This cup is the new covenant in my blood, Do this, as often as you drink it, in remembrance of me.’ For as often as you eat this bread and drink the cup, you proclaim the Lord’s death until he comes.”1 This promise is repeated by Paul in these words: “The cup of blessing that we bless, is it not a sharing in the blood of Christ? The bread that we break, is it not a sharing in the body of Christ? Because there is one bread, we who are many are one body, for we all partake of the one bread.”2 1 1 Cor. 11:23-26 2 1 Cor. 10:16-17 *The word “broken” does not appear in the NRSV text, but it was present in the original German of the Heidelberg Catechism. Lord’s Day 29 Q & A 78 Q. Do the bread and wine become the real body and blood of Christ? A. No. Just as the water of baptism is not changed into Christ’s blood and does not itself wash away sins but is simply a divine sign and assurance1 of these things, so too the holy bread of the Lord’s Supper does not become the actual body of Christ,2 even though it is called the body of Christ3 in keeping with the nature and language of sacraments.4 1 Eph. 5:26; Tit. 3:5 2 Matt. 26:26-29 3 1 Cor. 10:16-17; 11:26-28 4 Gen. 17:10-11; Ex. 12:11, 13; 1 Cor. 10:1-4 Q & A 79 Q. Why then does Christ call the bread his body and the cup his blood, or the new covenant in his blood, and Paul use the words, a sharing in Christ’s body and blood? A. Christ has good reason for these words. He wants to teach us that just as bread and wine nourish the temporal life, so too his crucified body and poured-out blood are the true food and drink of our souls for eternal life.1 But more important, he wants to assure us, by this visible sign and pledge, that we, through the Holy Spirit’s work, share in his true body and blood as surely as our mouths receive these holy signs in his remembrance,2 and that all of his suffering and obedience are as definitely ours as if we personally had suffered and made satisfaction for our sins.3 1 John 6:51, 55 2 1 Cor. 10:16-17; 11:26 3 Rom. 6:5-11 Lord’s Day 30 Q & A 80* Q. How does the Lord’s Supper differ from the Roman Catholic Mass? A. The Lord’s Supper declares to us that all our sins are completely forgiven through the one sacrifice of Jesus Christ, which he himself accomplished on the cross once for all.1 It also declares to us that the Holy Spirit grafts us into Christ,2 who with his true body is now in heaven at the right hand of the Father3 where he wants us to worship him.4 [But the Mass teaches that the living and the dead do not have their sins forgiven through the suffering of Christ unless Christ is still offered for them daily by the priests. It also teaches that Christ is bodily present under the form of bread and wine where Christ is therefore to be worshiped. Thus the Mass is basically nothing but a denial of the one sacrifice and suffering of Jesus Christ and a condemnable idolatry.]** 1 John 19:30; Heb. 7:27; 9:12, 25-26; 10:10-18 2 1 Cor. 6:17; 10:16-17 3 Acts 7:55-56; Heb. 1:3; 8:1 4 Matt. 6:20-21; John 4:21-24; Phil. 3:20; Col. 3:1-3 *Q&A 80 was altogether absent from the first edition of the catechism but was present in a shorter form in the second edition. The translation here given is of the expanded text of the third edition. **In response to a mandate from Synod 1998, the Christian Reformed Church’s Interchurch Relations Committee conducted a study of Q&A 80 and the Roman Catholic Mass. Based on this study, Synod 2004 declared that “Q&A 80 can no longer be held in its current form as part of our confession.” Synod 2006 directed that Q&A 80 remain in the CRC’s text of the Heidelberg Catechism but that the last three paragraphs be placed in brackets to indicate that they do not accurately reflect the official teaching and practice of today’s Roman Catholic Church and are no longer confessionally binding on members of the CRC. The Reformed Church in America retains the original full text, choosing to recognize that the catechism was written within a historical context which may not accurately describe the Roman Catholic Church’s current stance. Q & A 81 Q. Who should come to the Lord’s table? A. Those who are displeased with themselves because of their sins, but who nevertheless trust that their sins are pardoned and that their remaining weakness is covered by the suffering and death of Christ, and who also desire more and more to strengthen their faith and to lead a better life. Hypocrites and those who are unrepentant, however, eat and drink judgment on themselves.1 1 1 Cor. 10:19-22; 11:26-32 Q & A 82 Q. Should those be admitted to the Lord’s Supper who show by what they profess and how they live that they are unbelieving and ungodly? A. No, that would dishonor God’s covenant and bring down God’s wrath upon the entire congregation.1 Therefore, according to the instruction of Christ and his apostles, the Christian church is duty-bound to exclude such people, by the official use of the keys of the kingdom, until they reform their lives. 1 1 Cor. 11:17-32; Ps. 50:14-16; Isa. 1:11-17 Lord’s Day 31 Q & A 83 Q. What are the keys of the kingdom? A. The preaching of the holy gospel and Christian discipline toward repentance. Both of them open the kingdom of heaven to believers and close it to unbelievers.1 1 Matt. 16:19; John 20:22-23 Q & A 84 Q. How does preaching the holy gospel open and close the kingdom of heaven? A. According to the command of Christ: The kingdom of heaven is opened by proclaiming and publicly declaring to all believers, each and every one, that, as often as they accept the gospel promise in true faith, God, because of Christ’s merit, truly forgives all their sins. The kingdom of heaven is closed, however, by proclaiming and publicly declaring to unbelievers and hypocrites that, as long as they do not repent, the wrath of God and eternal condemnation rest on them. God’s judgment, both in this life and in the life to come, is based on this gospel testimony.1 1 Matt. 16:19; John 3:31-36; 20:21-23 Q & A 85 Q. How is the kingdom of heaven closed and opened by Christian discipline? A. According to the command of Christ: Those who, though called Christians, profess unchristian teachings or live unchristian lives, and who after repeated personal and loving admonitions, refuse to abandon their errors and evil ways, and who after being reported to the church, that is, to those ordained by the church for that purpose, fail to respond also to the church’s admonitions— such persons the church excludes from the Christian community by withholding the sacraments from them, and God also excludes them from the kingdom of Christ.1 Such persons, when promising and demonstrating genuine reform, are received again as members of Christ and of his church.2 1 Matt. 18:15-20; 1 Cor. 5:3-5, 11-13; 2 Thess. 3:14-15 2 Luke 15:20-24; 2 Cor. 2:6-11 BACK TO TOP Part III: Gratitude Lord’s Day 32 Q & A 86 Q. Since we have been delivered from our misery by grace through Christ without any merit of our own, why then should we do good works? A. Because Christ, having redeemed us by his blood, is also restoring us by his Spirit into his image, so that with our whole lives we may show that we are thankful to God for his benefits,1 so that he may be praised through us,2 so that we may be assured of our faith by its fruits,3 and so that by our godly living our neighbors may be won over to Christ.4 1 Rom. 6:13; 12:1-2; 1 Pet. 2:5-10 2 Matt. 5:16; 1 Cor. 6:19-20 3 Matt. 7:17-18; Gal. 5:22-24; 2 Pet. 1:10-11 4 Matt. 5:14-16; Rom. 14:17-19; 1 Pet. 2:12; 3:1-2 Q & A 87 Q. Can those be saved who do not turn to God from their ungrateful and unrepentant ways? A. By no means. Scripture tells us that no unchaste person, no idolater, adulterer, thief, no covetous person, no drunkard, slanderer, robber, or the like will inherit the kingdom of God.1 1 1 Cor. 6:9-10; Gal. 5:19-21; Eph. 5:1-20; 1 John 3:14 Lord’s Day 33 Q & A 88 Q. What is involved in genuine repentance or conversion? A. Two things: the dying-away of the old self, and the rising-to-life of the new.1 1 Rom. 6:1-11; 2 Cor. 5:17; Eph. 4:22-24; Col. 3:5-10 Q & A 89 Q. What is the dying-away of the old self? A. To be genuinely sorry for sin and more and more to hate and run away from it.1 1 Ps. 51:3-4, 17; Joel 2:12-13; Rom. 8:12-13; 2 Cor. 7:10 Q & A 90 Q. What is the rising-to-life of the new self? A. Wholehearted joy in God through Christ1 and a love and delight to live according to the will of God by doing every kind of good work.2 1 Ps. 51:8, 12; Isa. 57:15; Rom. 5:1; 14:17 2 Rom. 6:10-11; Gal. 2:20 Q & A 91 Q. What are good works? A. Only those which are done out of true faith,1 conform to God’s law,2 and are done for God’s glory;3 and not those based on our own opinion or human tradition.4 1 John 15:5; Heb. 11:6 2 Lev. 18:4; 1 Sam. 15:22; Eph. 2:10 3 1 Cor. 10:31 4 Deut. 12:32; Isa. 29:13; Ezek. 20:18-19; Matt. 15:7-9 BACK TO TOP The Ten Commandments Lord’s Day 34 Q & A 92 Q. What is God’s law? A. God spoke all these words: THE FIRST COMMANDMENT “I am the LORD your God, who brought you out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of slavery; you shall have no other gods before me.” THE SECOND COMMANDMENT “You shall not make for yourself an idol, whether in the form of anything that is in heaven above, or that is on the earth beneath, or that is in the water under the earth. You shall not bow down to them or worship them; for I the LORD your God am a jealous God, punishing children for the iniquity of parents, to the third and the fourth generation of those who reject me, but showing love to the thousandth generation of those who love me and keep my commandments.” THE THIRD COMMANDMENT “You shall not make wrongful use of the name of the LORD your God, for the LORD will not acquit anyone who misuses his name.” THE FOURTH COMMANDMENT “Remember the sabbath day and keep it holy. Six days you shall labor and do all your work. But the seventh day is a sabbath to the LORD your God; you shall not do any work— you, your son or your daughter, your male or female slave, your livestock, or the alien resident in your towns. For in six days the LORD made heaven and earth, the sea, and all that is in them, but rested the seventh day; therefore the LORD blessed the sabbath day and consecrated it.” THE FIFTH COMMANDMENT “Honor your father and your mother, so that your days may be long in the land that the Lord your God is giving to you.” THE SIXTH COMMANDMENT “You shall not murder.” THE SEVENTH COMMANDMENT “You shall not commit adultery.” THE EIGHTH COMMANDMENT “You shall not steal.” THE NINTH COMMANDMENT “You shall not bear false witness against your neighbor.” THE TENTH COMMANDMENT “You shall not covet your neighbor’s house; you shall not covet your neighbor’s wife, or male or female slave, or ox, or donkey, or anything that belongs to your neighbor.”1 1 Ex. 20:1-17; Deut. 5:6-21 Q & A 93 Q. How are these commandments divided? A. Into two tables. The first has four commandments, teaching us how we ought to live in relation to God. The second has six commandments, teaching us what we owe our neighbor.1 1 Matt. 22:37-39 Q & A 94 Q. What does the Lord require in the first commandment? A. That I, not wanting to endanger my own salvation, avoid and shun all idolatry,1 sorcery, superstitious rites,2 and prayer to saints or to other creatures.3 That I rightly know the only true God,4 trust him alone,5 and look to God for every good thing6 humbly7 and patiently,8 and love,9 fear,10 and honor11 God with all my heart. In short, that I give up anything rather than go against God’s will in any way.12 1 1 Cor. 6:9-10; 10:5-14; 1 John 5:21 2 Lev. 19:31; Deut. 18:9-12 3 Matt. 4:10; Rev. 19:10; 22:8-9 4 John 17:3 5 Jer. 17:5, 7 6 Ps. 104:27-28; James 1:17 7 1 Pet. 5:5-6 8 Col. 1:11; Heb. 10:36 9 Matt. 22:37 (Deut. 6:5) 10 Prov. 9:10; 1 Pet. 1:17 11 Matt. 4:10 (Deut. 6:13) 12 Matt. 5:29-30; 10:37-39 Q & A 95 Q. What is idolatry? A. Idolatry is having or inventing something in which one trusts in place of or alongside of the only true God, who has revealed himself in the Word.1 1 1 Chron. 16:26; Gal. 4:8-9; Eph. 5:5; Phil. 3:19 Lord’s Day 35 Q & A 96 Q. What is God’s will for us in the second commandment? A. That we in no way make any image of God1 nor worship him in any other way than has been commanded in God’s Word.2 1 Deut. 4:15-19; Isa. 40:18-25; Acts 17:29; Rom. 1:22-23 2 Lev. 10:1-7; 1 Sam. 15:22-23; John 4:23-24 Q & A 97 Q. May we then not make any image at all? A. God can not and may not be visibly portrayed in any way. Although creatures may be portrayed, yet God forbids making or having such images if one’s intention is to worship them or to serve God through them.1 1 Ex. 34:13-14, 17; 2 Kings 18:4-5 Q & A 98 Q. But may not images be permitted in churches in place of books for the unlearned? A. No, we should not try to be wiser than God. God wants the Christian community instructed by the living preaching of his Word—1 not by idols that cannot even talk.2 1 Rom. 10:14-15, 17; 2 Tim. 3:16-17; 2 Pet. 1:19 2 Jer. 10:8; Hab. 2:18-20 Lord’s Day 36 Q & A 99 Q. What is the aim of the third commandment? A. That we neither blaspheme nor misuse the name of God by cursing,1 perjury,2 or unnecessary oaths,3 nor share in such horrible sins by being silent bystanders.4 In summary, we should use the holy name of God only with reverence and awe,5 so that we may properly confess God,6 pray to God,7 and glorify God in all our words and works.8 1 Lev. 24:10-17 2 Lev. 19:12 3 Matt. 5:37; James 5:12 4 Lev. 5:1; Prov. 29:24 5 Ps. 99:1-5; Jer. 4:2 6 Matt. 10:32-33; Rom. 10:9-10 7 Ps. 50:14-15; 1 Tim. 2:8 8 Col. 3:17 Q & A 100 Q. Is blasphemy of God’s name by swearing and cursing really such serious sin that God is angry also with those who do not do all they can to help prevent and forbid it? A. Yes, indeed.1 No sin is greater or provokes God’s wrath more than blaspheming his name. That is why God commanded it to be punished with death.2 1 Lev. 5:1 2 Lev. 24:10-17 Lord’s Day 37 Q & A 101 Q. But may we swear an oath in God’s name if we do it reverently? A. Yes, when the government demands it, or when necessity requires it, in order to maintain and promote truth and trustworthiness for God’s glory and our neighbor’s good. Such oaths are grounded in God’s Word1 and were rightly used by the people of God in the Old and New Testaments.2 1 Deut. 6:13; 10:20; Jer. 4:1-2; Heb. 6:16 2 Gen. 21:24; Josh. 9:15; 1 Kings 1:29-30; Rom. 1:9; 2 Cor. 1:23 Q & A 102 Q. May we also swear by saints or other creatures? A. No. A legitimate oath means calling upon God as the only one who knows my heart to witness to my truthfulness and to punish me if I swear falsely.1 No creature is worthy of such honor.2 1 Rom. 9:1; 2 Cor. 1:23 2 Matt. 5:34-37; 23:16-22; James 5:12 Lord’s Day 38 Q & A 103 Q. What is God’s will for you in the fourth commandment? A. First, that the gospel ministry and education for it be maintained,1 and that, especially on the festive day of rest, I diligently attend the assembly of God’s people2 to learn what God’s Word teaches,3 to participate in the sacraments,4 to pray to God publicly,5 and to bring Christian offerings for the poor.6 Second, that every day of my life I rest from my evil ways, let the Lord work in me through his Spirit, and so begin in this life the eternal Sabbath.7 1 Deut. 6:4-9, 20-25; 1 Cor. 9:13-14; 2 Tim. 2:2; 3:13-17; Tit. 1:5 2 Deut. 12:5-12; Ps. 40:9-10; 68:26; Acts 2:42-47; Heb. 10:23-25 3 Rom. 10:14-17; 1 Cor. 14:31-32; 1 Tim. 4:13 4 1 Cor. 11:23-25 5 Col. 3:16; 1 Tim. 2:1 6 Ps. 50:14; 1 Cor. 16:2; 2 Cor. 8 & 9 7 Isa. 66:23; Heb. 4:9-11 Lord’s Day 39 Q & A 104 Q. What is God’s will for you in the fifth commandment? A. That I honor, love, and be loyal to my father and mother and all those in authority over me; that I submit myself with proper obedience to all their good teaching and discipline;1 and also that I be patient with their failings—2 for through them God chooses to rule us.3 1 Ex. 21:17; Prov. 1:8; 4:1; Rom. 13:1-2; Eph. 5:21-22; 6:1-9; Col. 3:18-4:1 2 Prov. 20:20; 23:22; 1 Pet. 2:18 3 Matt. 22:21; Rom. 13:1-8; Eph. 6:1-9; Col. 3:18-21 Lord’s Day 40 Q & A 105 Q. What is God’s will for you in the sixth commandment? A. I am not to belittle, hate, insult, or kill my neighbor— not by my thoughts, my words, my look or gesture, and certainly not by actual deeds— and I am not to be party to this in others;1 rather, I am to put away all desire for revenge.2 I am not to harm or recklessly endanger myself either.3 Prevention of murder is also why government is armed with the sword.4 1 Gen. 9:6; Lev. 19:17-18; Matt. 5:21-22; 26:52 2 Prov. 25:21-22; Matt. 18:35; Rom. 12:19; Eph. 4:26 3 Matt. 4:7; 26:52; Rom. 13:11-14 4 Gen. 9:6; Ex. 21:14; Rom. 13:4 Q & A 106 Q. Does this commandment refer only to murder? A. By forbidding murder God teaches us that he hates the root of murder: envy, hatred, anger, vindictiveness.1 In God’s sight all such are disguised forms of murder.2 1 Prov. 14:30; Rom. 1:29; 12:19; Gal. 5:19-21; 1 John 2:9-11 2 1 John 3:15 Q & A 107 Q. Is it enough then that we do not murder our neighbor in any such way? A. No. By condemning envy, hatred, and anger God wants us to love our neighbors as ourselves,1 to be patient, peace-loving, gentle, merciful, and friendly toward them,2 to protect them from harm as much as we can, and to do good even to our enemies.3 1 Matt. 7:12; 22:39; Rom. 12:10 2 Matt. 5:3-12; Luke 6:36; Rom. 12:10, 18; Gal. 6:1-2; Eph. 4:2; Col. 3:12; 1 Pet. 3:8 3 Ex. 23:4-5; Matt. 5:44-45; Rom. 12:20-21 (Prov. 25:21-22) Lord’s Day 41 Q & A 108 Q. What does the seventh commandment teach us? A. That God condemns all unchastity,1 and that therefore we should thoroughly detest it2 and live decent and chaste lives,3 within or outside of the holy state of marriage. 1 Lev. 18:30; Eph. 5:3-5 2 Jude 22-23 3 1 Cor. 7:1-9; 1 Thess. 4:3-8; Heb. 13:4 Q & A 109 Q. Does God, in this commandment, forbid only such scandalous sins as adultery? A. We are temples of the Holy Spirit, body and soul, and God wants both to be kept clean and holy. That is why God forbids all unchaste actions, looks, talk, thoughts, or desires,1 and whatever may incite someone to them.2 1 Matt. 5:27-29; 1 Cor. 6:18-20; Eph. 5:3-4 2 1 Cor. 15:33; Eph. 5:18 Lord’s Day 42 Q & A 110 Q. What does God forbid in the eighth commandment? A. God forbids not only outright theft and robbery, punishable by law.1 But in God’s sight theft also includes all scheming and swindling in order to get our neighbor’s goods for ourselves, whether by force or means that appear legitimate,2 such as inaccurate measurements of weight, size, or volume; fraudulent merchandising; counterfeit money; excessive interest; or any other means forbidden by God.3 In addition God forbids all greed4 and pointless squandering of his gifts.5 1 Ex. 22:1; 1 Cor. 5:9-10; 6:9-10 2 Mic. 6:9-11; Luke 3:14; James 5:1-6 3 Deut. 25:13-16; Ps. 15:5; Prov. 11:1; 12:22; Ezek. 45:9-12; Luke 6:35 4 Luke 12:15; Eph. 5:5 5 Prov. 21:20; 23:20-21; Luke 16:10-13 Q & A 111 Q. What does God require of you in this commandment? A. That I do whatever I can for my neighbor’s good, that I treat others as I would like them to treat me, and that I work faithfully so that I may share with those in need.1 1 Isa. 58:5-10; Matt. 7:12; Gal. 6:9-10; Eph. 4:28 Lord’s Day 43 Q & A 112 Q. What is the aim of the ninth commandment? A. That I never give false testimony against anyone, twist no one’s words, not gossip or slander, nor join in condemning anyone rashly or without a hearing.1 Rather, in court and everywhere else, I should avoid lying and deceit of every kind; these are the very devices the devil uses, and they would call down on me God’s intense wrath.2 I should love the truth, speak it candidly, and openly acknowledge it.3 And I should do what I can to guard and advance my neighbor’s good name.4 1 Ps. 15; Prov. 19:5; Matt. 7:1; Luke 6:37; Rom. 1:28-32 2 Lev. 19:11-12; Prov. 12:22; 13:5; John 8:44; Rev. 21:8a> 3 1 Cor. 13:6; Eph. 4:25 4 1 Pet. 3:8-9; 4:8 Lord’s Day 44 Q & A 113 Q. What is the aim of the tenth commandment? A. That not even the slightest desire or thought contrary to any one of God’s commandments should ever arise in our hearts. Rather, with all our hearts we should always hate sin and take pleasure in whatever is right.1 1 Ps. 19:7-14; 139:23-24; Rom. 7:7-8 Q & A 114 Q. But can those converted to God obey these commandments perfectly? A. No. In this life even the holiest have only a small beginning of this obedience.1 Nevertheless, with all seriousness of purpose, they do begin to live according to all, not only some, of God’s commandments.2 1 Eccles. 7:20; Rom. 7:14-15; 1 Cor. 13:9; 1 John 1:8-10 2 Ps. 1:1-2; Rom. 7:22-25; Phil. 3:12-16 Q & A 115 Q. Since no one in this life can obey the Ten Commandments perfectly, why does God want them preached so pointedly? A. First, so that the longer we live the more we may come to know our sinfulness and the more eagerly look to Christ for forgiveness of sins and righteousness.1 Second, so that we may never stop striving, and never stop praying to God for the grace of the Holy Spirit, to be renewed more and more after God’s image, until after this life we reach our goal: perfection.2 1 Ps. 32:5; Rom. 3:19-26; 7:7, 24-25; 1 John 1:9 2 1 Cor. 9:24; Phil. 3:12-14; 1 John 3:1-3 The Lord’s Prayer Lord’s Day 45 Q & A 116 Q. Why do Christians need to pray? A. Because prayer is the most important part of the thankfulness God requires of us.1 And also because God gives his grace and Holy Spirit only to those who pray continually and groan inwardly, asking God for these gifts and thanking God for them.2 1 Ps. 50:14-15; 116:12-19; 1 Thess. 5:16-18 2 Matt. 7:7-8; Luke 11:9-13 Q & A 117 Q. What is the kind of prayer that pleases God and that he listens to? A. First, we must pray from the heart to no other than the one true God, revealed to us in his Word, asking for everything God has commanded us to ask for.1 Second, we must fully recognize our need and misery, so that we humble ourselves in God’s majestic presence.2 Third, we must rest on this unshakable foundation: even though we do not deserve it, God will surely listen to our prayer because of Christ our Lord. That is what God promised us in his Word.3 1 Ps. 145:18-20; John 4:22-24; Rom. 8:26-27; James 1:5; 1 John 5:14-15 2 2 Chron. 7:14; Ps. 2:11; 34:18; 62:8; Isa. 66:2; Rev. 4 3 Dan. 9:17-19; Matt. 7:8; John 14:13-14; 16:23; Rom. 10:13; James 1:6 Q & A 118 Q. What did God command us to pray for? A. Everything we need, spiritually and physically,1 as embraced in the prayer Christ our Lord himself taught us. 1 James 1:17; Matt. 6:33 Q & A 119 Q. What is this prayer? A. Our Father in heaven, hallowed be your name. Your kingdom come. Your will be done, on earth as it is in heaven. Give us this day our daily bread. And forgive us our debts, as we also have forgiven our debtors. And do not bring us to the time of trial, but rescue us from the evil one.* For the kingdom and the power and the glory are yours forever. Amen.1** 1 Matt. 6:9-13; Luke 11:2-4 *This text of the Lord's Prayer is from the New Revised Standard Version in keeping with the use of the NRSV throughout this edition of the catechism. Most biblical scholars will agree that it is an accurate translation of the Greek text and carries virtually the same meaning as the more traditional text of the Lord's Prayer **Earlier and better manuscripts of Matthew 6 omit the words “For the kingdom and … Amen.” Lord’s Day 46 Q & A 120 Q. Why did Christ command us to call God “our Father”? A. To awaken in us at the very beginning of our prayer what should be basic to our prayer— a childlike reverence and trust that through Christ God has become our Father, and that just as our parents do not refuse us the things of this life, even less will God our Father refuse to give us what we ask in faith.1 1 Matt. 7:9-11; Luke 11:11-13 Q & A 121 Q. Why the words “in heaven”? A. These words teach us not to think of God’s heavenly majesty as something earthly,1 and to expect everything needed for body and soul from God’s almighty power.2 1 Jer. 23:23-24; Acts 17:24-25 2 Matt. 6:25-34; Rom. 8:31-32 Lord’s Day 47 Q & A 122 Q. What does the first petition mean? A. “Hallowed be your name” means: Help us to truly know you,1 to honor, glorify, and praise you for all your works and for all that shines forth from them: your almighty power, wisdom, kindness, justice, mercy, and truth.2 And it means, Help us to direct all our living— what we think, say, and do— so that your name will never be blasphemed because of us but always honored and praised.3 1 Jer. 9:23-24; 31:33-34; Matt. 16:17; John 17:3 2 Ex. 34:5-8; Ps. 145; Jer. 32:16-20; Luke 1:46-55, 68-75; Rom. 11:33-36 3 Ps. 115:1; Matt. 5:16 Lord’s Day 48 Q & A 123 Q. What does the second petition mean? A. “Your kingdom come” means: Rule us by your Word and Spirit in such a way that more and more we submit to you.1 Preserve your church and make it grow.2 Destroy the devil’s work; destroy every force which revolts against you and every conspiracy against your holy Word.3 Do this until your kingdom fully comes, when you will be all in all.4 1 Ps. 119:5, 105; 143:10; Matt. 6:33 2 Ps. 122:6-9; Matt. 16:18; Acts 2:42-47 3 Rom. 16:20; 1 John 3:8 4 Rom. 8:22-23; 1 Cor. 15:28; Rev. 22:17, 20 Lord’s Day 49 Q & A 124 Q. What does the third petition mean? A. “Your will be done, on earth as it is in heaven” means: Help us and all people to reject our own wills and to obey your will without any back talk. Your will alone is good.1 Help us one and all to carry out the work we are called to,2 as willingly and faithfully as the angels in heaven.3 1 Matt. 7:21; 16:24-26; Luke 22:42; Rom. 12:1-2; Tit. 2:11-12 2 1 Cor. 7:17-24; Eph. 6:5-9 3 Ps. 103:20-21 Lord’s Day 50 Q & A 125 Q. What does the fourth petition mean? A. “Give us this day our daily bread” means: Do take care of all our physical needs1 so that we come to know that you are the only source of everything good,2 and that neither our work and worry nor your gifts can do us any good without your blessing.3 And so help us to give up our trust in creatures and trust in you alone.4 1 Ps. 104:27-30; 145:15-16; Matt. 6:25-34 2 Acts 14:17; 17:25; James 1:17 3 Deut. 8:3; Ps. 37:16; 127:1-2; 1 Cor. 15:58 4 Ps. 55:22; 62; 146; Jer. 17:5-8; Heb. 13:5-6 Lord’s Day 51 Q & A 126 Q. What does the fifth petition mean? A. “Forgive us our debts, as we also have forgiven our debtors” means: Because of Christ’s blood, do not hold against us, poor sinners that we are, any of the sins we do or the evil that constantly clings to us.1 Forgive us just as we are fully determined, as evidence of your grace in us, to forgive our neighbors.2 1 Ps. 51:1-7; 143:2; Rom. 8:1; 1 John 2:1-2 2 Matt. 6:14-15; 18:21-35 Lord’s Day 52 Q & A 127 Q. What does the sixth petition mean? A. “And do not bring us to the time of trial, but rescue us from the evil one” means: By ourselves we are too weak to hold our own even for a moment.1 And our sworn enemies— the devil,2 the world,3 and our own flesh—4 never stop attacking us. And so, Lord, uphold us and make us strong with the strength of your Holy Spirit, so that we may not go down to defeat in this spiritual struggle,5 but may firmly resist our enemies until we finally win the complete victory.6 1 Ps. 103:14-16; John 15:1-5 2 2 Cor. 11:14; Eph. 6:10-13; 1 Pet. 5:8 3 John 15:18-21 4 Rom. 7:23; Gal. 5:17 5 Matt. 10:19-20; 26:41; Mark 13:33; Rom. 5:3-5 6 1 Cor. 10:13; 1 Thess. 3:13; 5:23 Q & A 128 Q. What does your conclusion to this prayer mean? A. For the kingdom and the power and the glory are yours forever” means: We have made all these petitions of you because, as our all-powerful king, you are both willing and able to give us all that is good;1 and because your holy name, and not we ourselves, should receive all the praise, forever.2 1 Rom. 10:11-13; 2 Pet. 2:9 2 Ps. 115:1; John 14:13 Q & A 129 Q. What does that little word “Amen” express? A. “Amen” means: This shall truly and surely be! It is even more sure that God listens to my prayer than that I really desire what I pray for.1 1 Isa. 65:24; 2 Cor. 1:20; 2 Tim. 2:13 BACK TO TOP BACK TO TOP BACK TO TOP BACK TO TOP

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Lord's Day 12 Prosper Christian Reformed Church Lord's Day 12 In Life & In Death Mitchell Leach Sunday, February 1, 2026 Audio Lord's Day 12 Mitchell Leach 00:00 / 22:33 Sermon Transcript Our scripture reading today comes from 1 Peter 2: 4-10. So if you would open your Bibles with me to 1 Peter 2: 4-10. Verse 4. As you come to him, a living stone rejected by men, but in the sight of God, chosen and precious, you yourselves, like living stones, are being built up a spiritual house to be a holy priesthood, to offer spiritual sacrifices acceptable to God through Jesus Christ. For it It stands in scripture, Behold, I am laying in Zion a stone, a cornerstone chosen and precious, and whoever believes in him will not be put to shame. So the honor is for you who believe, but for those who do not believe, the stone that the builders rejected has become the cornerstone, and a stone of stumbling in a rock of offense. They stumble because they disobeyed the word as they were destined to do. But you are a chosen race, a royal priesthood, a holy nation, a people for his own possession, that you may proclaim the excellencies of him who has called you out of darkness, in into his marvelous light. Once you were not a people, but now you are God's people. Once you had not received mercy, but now you have received mercy. This is God's word. This passage answers a belonging question. Who are we? Where do we fit? And what makes us secure? And it does this by putting Jesus at the center, not as an accessory, but as the stone we build on. It leads us to our big question for tonight. How do you become someone who belongs without pretending? How do you become someone who belongs without pretending? Most of us answer by auditioning. We pick the room, we learn the lines, we hide the parts that don't fit in. In the world, belonging comes with conditions. We have to be impressive, be useful, be interesting, be unproblematic. So we curate a picture of ourselves. We achieve, we signal the right signals to the people around us. We live with a low-grade fear that if people really knew me, I'm out. But it's not just out there. The church has its own form of auditioning. You can start to think, I belong if I'm put together, if my marriage looks stable, if my kids behave, if my sins are vague, if I'm serving enough to be considered safe. So we keep things general. We say, I've been struggling or I've been busy, or I could use some prayer. We say anything except the truth. And here's the diagnostic for us. Where do you feel the pressure to edit yourself? Where do you make sure? What part of your life do you make sure that no one sees? What would it cost you to be honest, to be really honest? Because if belonging requires pretending, the truth is we never get rest. You either perform or you pull away or you judge those who seem to fit in. So the question remains, how do you become someone who belongs without pretending? Peter's answer is this. It's not by cleaning yourself up. It's to come to him. A rejected stone. A rejected stone who makes rejected people. Feel safe. So let's watch Peter answer our question in three movements. We'll see, first, he tells you who you are or who Jesus is. Then he tells you who you are. Then, he tells you how to live. So let's look at that first section, verses 4 through 8, the title, Come to the Anointed Stone. Jesus is not a helpful teacher here. Peter says, As you come to him, look at verse four. As you come to him, a living stone rejected by men, but in the sight of God, chosen and precious. As you come to him, this is not a one-time visit. This is a direction. Christianity is coming again and again to the same person, Jesus Christ. And look at how Peter describes him, rejected and at the same time, chosen and precious in the sight of God. The world makes a judgment, a vote against Jesus to say no. And yet look at the verdict that God renders on Jesus. You are mine, precious. That's the answer to the belonging question right there. Whose verdict gets to name you? Because if your life is built on human approval, you'll always be managing, always editing, always being afraid of being found out. But if your life is built on God's verdict, well, you can't hide. There's no sense in doing that. He sees everything. So we can stop pretending. We can finally find rest in a God who knows all things. Peter proves it from scripture, Whoever believes in him will not be put to shame. That's what verse 6 says. This This isn't a motivational slogan. This isn't something that we put on a bumper sticker or sew into a pillow. This is safety. Safety for the exposed, honor for the ashamed, in a solid place to stand. Peter also says that the same stone does two things. For those who believe, the cornerstone holds you up. And for those who refuse him, it becomes a stone of stumbling, something you keep colliding with because you keep colliding with him. No one gets to approach God and leave Jesus neutral. You either see him for who he is, and it totally transforms you. We have to walk away and say, I don't know if I really like that guy at all. But you can't walk away from him neutral. You either build on him or you trip over him. And don't miss what savior this is. Jesus knows rejection. Jesus was rejected. He walked straight into it on the cross. He was cast out. So people like you, people like me, people like us could be brought in. Not because we've cleaned ourselves up, but because he's been chosen. He's precious. And by faith, we belong to him. So Peter's first word to us isn't perform. It's come. Come to the living stone and watch what happens next. You don't stay alone. Verse 5 says, We get built in. And here's where Peter gets very specific. What do we get built into? Who do we get built in? That's what we see in this next section. Be built into an anointed people. 1 Peter 2: 5-10. Peter moves from the stone to stones, from Christ to the church. Notice the grammar here. You are being built up. You are not the builder. We are not the builder. God is. Christianity is not self improvement. It is making or it is God making a new people. It's plural. Living stones don't float. They fit. They belong. Peter says, We're being built into a spiritual house, a place where God God dwells into a holy priesthood offering spiritual sacrifices acceptable to God through Jesus Christ. These sacrifices, they're not a payment for sin. They are thank you offerings from people who understand what it means to be forgiven. Then Peter gives the church a name. He says that we are a chosen race, a royal priesthood, a holy nation, and a people for his own possession in verse 9. Those four titles are straight from Israel's story. This is Exodus language. This is covenantal language that we see here. Peter is saying something massive. God's people are now defined by union with Christ, not an ethnicity. In other words, God didn't scrap his promises. He kept them. He kept them by centering every Everything on the cornerstone, the rock of Christ. He gathered then Jew and Gentile into one people connected in unity around Jesus. When Peter says a chosen race, he's not talking about ethnicity. Diversity anymore. It doesn't matter what group of people you've come from. He's talking about a new people, a new family line defined by Jesus. Verse 10 is proof. He says, once you were a people, now you are God's people. That means your belonging with God did not start with you finding him. Started with God claiming you. And catch the purpose here. Verse nine, that you may proclaim the excellencies. It's that order. First, identity, then mission. You don't proclaim your way into belonging. You proclaim your way You proclaim because you belong. And verse 10 seals it. Verse 10 says this, once you were not a people, but now you are God's people. Once you had not received mercy, but now you've received mercy. Verse 10 is Peter's before and after picture. Verse 10 makes it clearer than ever. Peter is using Hoseia's words, not my people, my people, and applying them to the church. That means the church isn't a religious club that showed up later. It is a reformed people of God, built on Christ, made up of all who believe. That reality kills all boasting. It is not our effort. It is not what we do. It is God bringing us together in this beautiful thing he calls the church. Peter is saying something specific here. The church is the true Israel, not earned, but that we are bought with his mercy. If you understand verse 10, you can't be arrogant towards anyone. It eliminates any hierarchy that we can place on ourselves, Jew or Gentile, elite, any educational status, any socioeconomic status. We have We have been received by grace. We are here by grace. We are built into one spiritual building together by the builder. So when Peter calls you or Paul calls the church, royal and priesthood, and proclaiming. He's saying, In Christ, the calling of Israel becomes the calling of the church. Peter doesn't leave it with those words as poetry. He turns them into a vocation. To proclaim is what we see in becoming a prophet, priesthood, being the priests and royal and the king. And that's what we see in our third point, live out the shared anointing, prophet, priest, and king, from question and answer 31 and 32. Peter does not just give us new names here in verse 9. He gives us a new calling. Proclaim, priesthood, royal. The catechism isn't adding anything to what first Peter is saying. It is naming what first Peter has already said. The prophet isn't someone who needs to be right. When we think of a prophet, we think of someone who maybe who's a little bit brash. Prophet's not that. Prophet's not somebody who argues with people online. Prophet is the one who confesses Christ clearly. Verse nine says this, that you may proclaim the excellencies of him. Prophets We don't need to win arguments. Prophets make Christ clear. They proclaim who Jesus is. So the challenge for us is to do this in your home. Name God's mercies out loud. In your relationships, speak truth and grace, not vague spirituality. And in the church, encourage, admonish, disciple each other. The diagnostic for us as we look at what it means to be a prophet, If someone followed you for a month, would they know that you belong to Jesus, or would they think that you're just a good person? When was the last time you said the name of Jesus out loud with someone who doesn't already agree with you? If we never confess his name, we might be people who admire Christ, but we're not yet sharing the name of Christ. We're not proclaiming the name of That doesn't mean that every Christian needs to be bold. They don't need to be on the corner shouting apologetics to people passing by. But it means that silence can't be our settled posture. Because mercy makes Jesus speakable. Now, for some of you who are quiet, you're not quiet because you don't believe in Jesus, but it's because there's fear. It's scary sharing our faith. My challenge to you would be this. Bring that to Jesus. Bring that to God. Ask the King for courage. Start small. We don't need to speak to the masses. Think of one clear sentence you could use this week, someone you know. As we move on to what it means to be a priest, priests are ones who offer sacrifices. And yet when it looks When we look at what it means to do that in the New Testament, our sacrifices don't pay for sin. Christ did. Peter's phrase is everything here in verse 5, acceptable to God through Jesus Christ. That means your obedience It's never a stand-alone offering. It's always carried in by Christ. Your sacrifices are thank you offerings, not guilt offerings. So that means that we have to stop treating repentance like self-punishment. Repentance is agreeing with God and returning to God because the sacrifice has already been made. We need to be a people who practice repentance, prayer and worship, generosity, service that costs you, and reconciliation, one of the most easily recognizable Priestley acts. We don't offer sacrifices to get God to love us. We offer ourselves because Because the priest has already brought you here. Because Christ's sacrifice is once and for all, and his intercession is ongoing. You don't have to keep trying to make yourself seem acceptable. The Christ has already made you acceptable. Now your obedience comes as gratitude, not panic, not as a way to try to twist God's arm into doing what you want him to do or to accept you. We are already already firmly found in Christ. As we look to what it means to be a king and to act in that kingly office, some of you might confuse this idea of freedom with comfort, but the idea of kingly anointing, it goes beyond those categories. Kingly anointing means that we In some regard, we engage in warfare, not coasting, because with a free conscience, because we can do it with a free conscience, not a condemned one. This warfare is not to earn our place. It's not to fight our way in. We wage war against sin, against evil, the sin and evil that we see in ourselves, the oppression that we see in the world, not because we're trying to find a place, but because we already have one. Your struggle is not proof that you're losing. It's proof that we're alive. As Christ fought, he's calling us to fight, and Christ guards what he has already won. The comfort underneath the fight is the King does not just command, he keeps. Your grip on him is real, but his grip on you is even stronger. That leads us into our main idea. Our main idea for tonight is this, the spirit anointed Christ makes spirit anointed people. The spirit anointed Christ makes spirit anointed people. Jesus is called Christ because the Father appointed him and the spirit anointed him, Prophet, priest, and King. He doesn't just give us information. As prophet, he reveals God's will for our deliverance. He doesn't just give us an example. As priest, he offers himself and keeps us as he intercedes for us. He doesn't just give us inspiration. As king, he rules and guards the freedom he won. And Peter says, When you come to this living Stone, you don't just get forgiven. You get built in. You become a holy priesthood, a holy priesthood, a royal priesthood, a people for his own possession. That means Christian isn't just a label that we wear. It is an identity we have been given. If we are united to an anointed one by faith, we share in his anointing. So the question isn't, do you have the name Christian? The question is, is the anointed Christ producing an anointed life? Do we confess? Do we see sacrifice in ourselves? Mercy. God's mercy makes a people, and mercy gives that people a mission. So what does an anointed person do this week? The catechism gives three verbs: confess, offer, and strive. So our application for tonight starts off with this. The first point, Confess his name, Prophet, verse 9, that we should proclaim the excellencies. This week, make Jesus audible, not just vague, but explain his name. Pick one person and say one clear sentence. Something like, I'm a Christian. I belong to Jesus. I'm grateful for what he has done for me. Or, I'm trying to follow Jesus, and I need his mercy every day. That's a good one you can use if you've messed up in front of that person. That's all right. We don't have to laugh here. It's a night service. It's all good. Why does Peter give us this? Peter says this, that God has made you his people so that you would proclaim him, proclaim the one who has called you out of darkness and into his marvelous light. If you're thinking, I don't I don't know if I can do that. Don't start with a crowd. Start with a person. Start small. But we can't stay silent forever. The second point of application is this. Present yourself as a living sacrifice. Repentance without self-protection is what we're called to do. We're called to engage in generosity that costs us. We're called to serve, serve people when it's inconvenient, that we should be a people who initiate reconciliation, initiate peace with those in our life, and that we worship even when we don't feel like it. That leads us into our third point of application, strive with a free conscience against sin and the devil. Name one sin that you've been excusing this week and put it in front of the cross. Confess it to someone and resist the fear of man, which was Peter's temptation if you were here for the morning service. By remembering those... Or by remembering whose approval makes you clean. We are cleansed by Christ. As we strive for a free conscience against sin and the devil, remember, when you fail, don't run from Christ. Don't do what Adam and Eve did in the garden, trying to guard themselves and run and hide from God. Run to him. Kings, get back up because the King guards them. We've asked, how do you become someone who belongs without pretending? Peter's answer is not clean yourself up. It's come. Come to him. But why can we come? Because belong Our longing always has a cost. In our faith, we know Christ pays it. Our problem isn't only that we're wounded, it is that we are guilty. We have a record. And a Holy God does not just call evil no big deal. He has to judge it. So on the cross, Jesus does not suffer with us. He suffers for us. He takes the penalty that our sins deserve. The stone, the rejected stone, is rejected under judgment. So rejected people like us can be received in mercy. He gets your shame. You get his honor. He gets your condemnation, you get welcomed in. That's why Peter can say, whoever believes in him will not be put to shame. So we can drop the mask, we can drop the resume, and we can come empty-handed to the true and perfect King. Don't leave tonight as an applicant, Grace, but as one who has received mercy and belongs. Because you can belong without pretending, because Christ has taken your place. Remember this, the spirit anointed Christ makes spirit anointed people. Let's pray. Father God, we thank you for who you we are. We praise you that we get to share in your anointing because we take on the name of Christ. We are grafted in. We are yours. Father, I pray as we continue in this series that we would remember where our comfort comes from, that we can proclaim and know that we belong to you, body and soul, in life and in death. God, you are our comfort. You are our peace. God, I pray today on your Sabbath day that we would be able to find our rest in you. Father, help us to respond. Help us to respond in worship as we sing how How Great Thou Art. It's in your name we pray. Amen. Facebook X (Twitter) WhatsApp LinkedIn Pinterest Copy link

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